| Rec ID | Rec Text | MESH Codes | SNOMED Codes | CPT Codes | cui |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There is insufficient evidence to recommend use of TS, DPD, or TP for monitoring response to therapy. | therapy:Q000628 | Insufficient:423437008 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Therapy:276239002 | ||
| 2 | Surgeries performed with the intent to limit the venous outflow of the penis are not recommended. | Penis:D010413 | Performed:398166005 Has intent:363703001 Venous:263925004 | ||
| 3 | The Task Force recommends the following endpoints be considered for safety and risk assessment in future studies:Appearance of or change in hirsutism, acne, male pattern balding, clitoromegaly, and deepening of the voice.Cardiovascular and metabolic evaluation, with and without estrogen replacement, should include fasting lipid profiles, vascular reactivity, markers of insulin sensitivity, and markers of inflammation.Effects on the breast, with or without estrogen replacement, should be measured. Breast biopsy studies with in vitro markers of cell proliferation and apoptosis should be considered.Alterations in the endometrium with and without estrogen coadministrationAlterations in mood using validated instruments. | Safety:D012449 Risk Assessment:D018570 Risk:D012306 Hirsutism:D006628 Acne Vulgaris:D000152 Male:D008297 Voice:D014831 Fasting:D005215 Insulin:D007328 Sensitivity and Specificity:D012680 Inflammation:D007249 Breast:D001940 Biopsy:D001706 Cell Proliferation:D049109 Cells:D002477 Apoptosis:D017209 Endometrium:D004717 Affect:D000339 | After:255234002 Following:255260001 Risk assessment:225338004 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Appearance:718498007 Appearance:703248002 Hirsutism:399939002 Acne:11381005 Male:248153007 Pattern:255711007 Loss of scalp hair:298000004 Estrogen:734775001 Estrogen:41598000 Replacement - action:282089006 Reimplantation:3137001 Replacement procedure:373188003 Fasting:16985007 Lipid:70106000 Insulin:67866001 Sensitivity:35209006 Inflammation:23583003 Inflammation:257552002 Measured:258104002 Biopsy:86273004 Proliferation:30217000 Apoptosis:20663007 Endometrial structure:2739003 Mood:85256008 | Insulin:1011517 Biopsy:1007169 | |
| 4 | Caregivers should be trained to assess neonates for pain using multidimensional tools. | Caregivers:D017028 Pain:D010146 | Pain:22253000 | ||
| 5 | Surveillance colonoscopy with multiple biopsy specimens should be performed every 1 to 2 years beginning after 8 to 10 years of disease. | Colonoscopy:D003113 Biopsy:D001706 Disease:D004194 | Surveillance:225419007 Colonoscopy:73761001 Multiple:255204007 Biopsy:86273004 Performed:398166005 Disease:64572001 | Biopsy:1007169 | |
| 6 | It is recommended that patients with a severe head injury receive an early tracheostomy. | Patients:D010361 Head:D006257 Tracheostomy:D014139 | Severe:24484000 Traumatic abnormality:19130008 Traumatic AND/OR non-traumatic injury:417163006 Early:264499004 | ||
| 7 | It is recommended that patients in whom discography is positive but in whom MR imaging evidence of disc degeneration is absent not be considered candidates for operative intervention. | Patients:D010361 | Positive:10828004 Imaging:363679005 Evidence of:18669006 Disc - unit of product usage:427678004 Degeneration:33359002 Absent:2667000 | ||
| 8 | The USPSTF recommends against routine screening for elevated blood lead levels in asymptomatic children aged 1 to 5 years who are at average risk . | blood:Q000097 Blood:D001769 Lead:D007854 Child:D002648 Aged:D000368 Risk:D012306 | Routine:50811001 Blood:87612001 Lead:88488004 Levels:258395000 Asymptomatic:84387000 | Lead:83655 | |
| 9 | Provide or refer for psychotherapy . | Psychotherapy:D011613 | Psychotherapy:75516001 | ||
| 10 | Physicians should fully explain diagnosis, prognosis, and all treatment options to each patient. | Physicians:D010820 Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 Prognosis:D011379 therapy:Q000628 | Diagnosis:439401001 Determination of prognosis:20481000 Patient:116154003 | ||
| 12 | Brief cognitive assessment instruments that focus on limited aspects of cognitive function (i.e., Clock Drawing Test, Time and Change Test) may be considered when screening patients for dementia. | Cognition:D003071 physiology:Q000502 Drawing:D020472 Time:D013995 Patients:D010361 Dementia:D003704 | Brief:359535008 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Limited:255469002 Limited:900000000000486000 Function:246464006 Function:277064003 Time:900000000000475002 Time:410669006 Time:410670007 Dementia:52448006 | Time:1022208 Time:1014977 | |
| 13 | Schools should be considered appropriate sites for the availability of condoms, because they contain large adolescent populations and may potentially provide a comprehensive array of related educational and health care resources. | Schools:D012574 Condoms:D017280 Adolescent:D000293 Health:D006262 | Availability of:103328004 Large:255509001 Adolescent:133937008 Related:262094002 Health:263775005 | ||
| 14 | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen may be used as adjuncts to opioids in selected patients. | Acetaminophen:D000082 Patients:D010361 | Acetaminophen:387517004 | ||
| 15 | Use of unattended APAP to either initially determine pressures for fixed CPAP or for self-adjusting APAP treatment in CPAP-naïve patients is not currently established. | Pressure:D011312 therapy:Q000628 Patients:D010361 | Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Initial:884001 Fixed:261010008 Established:263748003 | ||
| 16 | Orotracheal intubation guided by direct laryngoscopy is the emergency tracheal intubation procedure of choice for trauma patients. | Intubation:D007440 Laryngoscopy:D007828 Emergencies:D004630 injuries:Q000293 Patients:D010361 | Orotracheal intubation:232674004 Intubation:52765003 Direct laryngoscopy:78121007 Direct:255589003 Laryngoscopy:28760000 Emergency:25876001 Tracheal:261180004 Procedure:71388002 | ||
| 17 | A focused exam of the hair and scalp should be performed. | Hair:D006197 Scalp:D012535 | Performed:398166005 | ||
| 18 | Programme providers should also ensure that support is available to enable the participation of parents who might otherwise find it difficult to access these programmes. | Parents:D010290 | Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Difficult:52925006 Access:260507000 | ||
| 19 | For patients with systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction [EF] <40%) who have no contraindications:Aldosterone antagonist (low dose) for patients with rest dyspnea or with a history of rest dyspnea or for symptomatic patients who have suffered a recent myocardial infarction . | Patients:D010361 Contraindications:D000075202 Aldosterone:D000450 Rest:D012146 Dyspnea:D004417 History:D006664 history:Q000266 Myocardial Infarction:D009203 Infarction:D007238 | Systolic dysfunction:371037005 Systole:111973004 Ejection:34205009 Aldosterone:42605004 Low dose:262459003 Low:62482003 Rest:258157001 Dyspnea:267036007 History of:392521001 Symptomatic:264931009 Recent myocardial infarction:428752002 Recent:6493001 Recent episode:263852005 Myocardial infarction:22298006 Infarct:55641003 | Aldosterone:82088 | |
| 20 | Specialized nutrition support (SNS) should be used in patients who cannot meet their nutrient requirements by oral intake. | Patients:D010361 Nutrients:D000078622 | Nutrition:384759009 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Oral:738956005 Oral:260548002 | ||
| 21 | Healthcare professionals should have an increased awareness of the possibility of the presence of otitis media with effusion in asymptomatic children. | Awareness:D001364 Otitis Media with Effusion:D010034 Otitis Media:D010033 Otitis:D010031 Child:D002648 | Increased:35105006 Present:52101004 Presence:705057003 Presence:386397008 Chronic mucoid otitis media:78868004 Otitis media:65363002 Otitis:43275000 Media:228654009 Effusion:430869004 Effusion:41699000 Asymptomatic:84387000 | ||
| 22 | Currently, data available from class II studies do not provide sufficient evidence that routine MRI should be performed on all very low birth weight (VLBW) infants for whom results of screening cranial US are abnormal. | Birth Weight:D001724 Parturition:D036801 Infant:D007223 | Class:277046005 Sufficient:51117008 Routine:50811001 Performed:398166005 Very low:260362008 Low:62482003 Birth weight:364589006 Birth:3950001 Weight:726527001 Cephalic:66787007 Abnormal:263654008 | ||
| 23 | A standing anteroposterior (AP) and a lateral view should be taken initially. A tangential view of the patella-femoral joint (sunrise view) and a standing posteroanterior (PA) view taken in 40 degrees of flexion can be useful. | Patella:D010329 Joints:D007596 | Lateral:49370004 View:246516004 Initial:884001 Femoral:261080001 Flexion:9964006 | ||
| 24 | All patients with acute stroke should undergo brain scanning (computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) as soon as possible preferably within 24 hours (GPP). A local protocol for more urgent scans should be made available. | Patients:D010361 Stroke:D020521 Brain:D001921 Tomography:D014054 Magnetic Resonance Imaging:D008279 Magnetics:D008280 | Acute stroke:457551000124104 Brain structure:12738006 Magnetic resonance imaging:113091000 Resonance:300594005 Resonance:39527002 Imaging:363679005 As soon as possible:709122007 Possible:371930009 Possible diagnosis:60022001 24 hours:123027009 Local:255470001 Urgent:103391001 | ||
| 25 | For postmenopausal women with multiple vertebral fractures. To reduce fracture risk at all sites: treatment with oral risedronate (5 mg daily or 35 mg once weekly + calcium + vitamin D). | Women:D014930 Risk:D012306 therapy:Q000628 Calcium:D002118 Vitamin D:D014807 Vitamins:D014815 | Multiple:255204007 Fracture:72704001 Oral:738956005 Oral:260548002 Risedronate:387582001 Daily:69620002 Once a week:225769003 Weekly:14497002 Calcium:5540006 Vitamin D:30178006 Vitamin:87708000 | Calcium:1011309 Vitamin D:1020198 | |
| 26 | Recommendations for Diagnosis of Patients with an Intermediate Likelihood of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Exercise myocardial perfusion SPECT to assess the functional significance of intermediate (25 to 75%) coronary lesions . | Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 Patients:D010361 Coronary Artery Disease:D003324 Coronary Vessels:D003331 Arteries:D001158 Disease:D004194 Exercise:D015444 Perfusion:D010477 | Diagnosis:439401001 Intermediate:11896004 Coronary artery structure:41801008 Arterial structure:51114001 Disease:64572001 Exercise:256235009 Myocardial perfusion:251053005 Perfusion:88058003 Functional:40143009 | ||
| 27 | Antibiotics prolong the latency period and improve perinatal outcome in patients with preterm PROM and should be administered according to one of several published protocols if expectant management is to be pursued prior to 35 weeks of gestation. | Patients:D010361 | Protocols:258049002 Expectant management:438758006 | ||
| 28 | Transabdominal ultrasound may be used as a complementary examination if the uterus is significantly enlarged or a wider view of the pelvis or abdomen is required. Transabdominal ultrasound may also be used in the small proportion of women in whom it proves technically impossible to perform a transvaginal ultrasound. | Uterus:D014599 Pelvis:D010388 Abdomen:D000005 Women:D014930 | Examination - action:302199004 Enlarged:260376009 View:246516004 Pelvic structure:12921003 Abdominal structure:113345001 Small:255507004 Vaginal approach:54300008 | ||
| 29 | Surgical Management:The anterolateral approach is recommended for hemiarthroplasty. | Hemiarthroplasty:D062785 | Surgical:83578000 Anterolateral:37197008 | ||
| 30 | Routine screening for IUGR in low-risk patients should comprise classical clinical monitoring techniques. Ultrasound evaluation of the fetus is appropriate in patients determined to be at high risk. | Risk:D012306 Patients:D010361 Fetus:D005333 | Routine:50811001 Low:62482003 Classical:260997001 Clinical:58147004 High risk:723509005 High:75540009 | ||
| 31 | The presence of maternal thyroid disease is important information for the pediatrician to have at the time of delivery. | Disease:D004194 Pediatricians:D000072143 Time:D013995 | Present:52101004 Presence:705057003 Presence:386397008 Disease:64572001 Pediatrician:82296001 Time of delivery:397836004 Time:900000000000475002 Time:410669006 Time:410670007 | Time:1022208 Time:1014977 | |
| 32 | Prophylaxis Based on Patient Stratification for RiskThe duration of the prophylaxis for thromboembolism should be individualized, depending on the need, medical condition, functional status, support services, and risk of the patient. | Thromboembolism:D013923 Risk:D012306 | Patient:116154003 Duration:103335007 Duration:762636008 Thromboembolic disorder:371039008 Medical:74188005 Condition:260905004 Functional:40143009 Status:263490005 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Services:224930009 Risk of:30207005 | ||
| 33 | Pain response to therapy should not be used as the sole diagnostic indicator of the underlying etiology of an acute headache. | Pain:D010146 therapy:Q000628 etiology:Q000209 Headache:D006261 | Pain:22253000 Therapy:276239002 Etiology:134198009 Acute headache:735938006 Headache:25064002 | ||
| 34 | Counsel obese and overweight women about the risks of weight cycling--repeated episodes of weight loss and gain--and the benefits of adopting long-term healthy eating habits. | Overweight:D050177 Women:D014930 Risk:D012306 Weight Loss:D015431 Eating:D004435 Habits:D006184 | Counsel:265913000 Obese:414915002 Overweight:238131007 Weight:726527001 Episodes:272128006 Weight loss:89362005 Long:255511005 Eating:48263008 Habits:363898005 | ||
| 35 | Critical Illness Patients with critical illnesses are at nutrition risk and should undergo nutrition screening to identify those who require formal nutrition assessment with development of a nutrition care plan. | Critical Illness:D016638 Patients:D010361 Risk:D012306 Nutrition Assessment:D015596 | Illness:39104002 Nutrition:384759009 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Has development:103378002 Nutrition therapy:386373004 Care plan:681000124103 Care plan:734163000 | ||
| 36 | Educate caregivers to assist in their ability to care for the wanderer. | Caregivers:D017028 | |||
| 37 | If thrombocytopenia is accompanied by other cytopenias or splenomegaly and is mild (>50,000 cells/mm3), hypersplenism caused by infectious causes or coincident liver disease should be suspected. | Thrombocytopenia:D013921 Splenomegaly:D013163 Cells:D002477 Hypersplenism:D006971 Liver:D008099 Disease:D004194 | Thrombocytopenic disorder:302215000 Splenomegaly:16294009 Mild:255604002 Hypersplenism:58381000 Disease of liver:235856003 Liver structure:10200004 Disease:64572001 Suspected:415684004 | ||
| 38 | Vision screening should be performed at the earliest possible age and at regular intervals during childhood as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). The goal remains to eliminate preventable blindness and treatable visual disability. | Vision Screening:D015351 Pediatrics:D010372 Goals:D006040 Blindness:D001766 | Vision screening:408760009 Performed:398166005 Possible:371930009 Possible diagnosis:60022001 Age:397669002 Regular:17854005 Childhood:255398004 Childhood:68433009 Pediatric specialty:394537008 Goal:410518001 Preventable:7971000175102 Visual:255374006 Disability:21134002 | ||
| 39 | Previously Treated Patients with Intermediate- or High-Risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Fludarabine is an acceptable treatment option after failure of first-line therapy.Choice of treatment should be influenced by previously used regimens and patient preference. | Patients:D010361 Risk:D012306 Leukemia:D007938 fludarabine:C024352 therapy:Q000628 Patient Preference:D057240 | Intermediate:11896004 High:75540009 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia:51092000 Chronic:90734009 Lymphoid leukemia:32280000 Lymphocytic:255429003 Leukemia:87163000 Leukemia:93143009 Fludarabine:386907005 Acceptable:900000000000549004 Failure:76797004 Linear:50009006 Therapy:276239002 Patient:116154003 | ||
| 40 | Expand the delineation of disease manifestations, noninvasive tests, and the role of the liver biopsy, so that the application of current treatment practices may be refined. | Disease:D004194 Role:D012380 Liver:D008099 Biopsy:D001706 therapy:Q000628 | Disease:64572001 Tests:272393004 Role:766940004 Liver structure:10200004 Biopsy:86273004 Application - unit of product usage:413568008 Application:410619003 Application:410618006 Current:15240007 | Biopsy:1007169 | |
| 41 | The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force concludes that the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against routine clinical breast examination (CBE) alone to screen for breast cancer. | Breast:D001940 | Preventive intent:129428001 Services:224930009 Insufficient:423437008 Routine:50811001 Clinical:58147004 Examination - action:302199004 | Preventive Services:33 | |
| 42 | Use either a transparent dressing or sterile gauze to cover the cannula site. | Bandages:D001458 Cannula:D000072601 | Use:419385000 Transparent dressing:448001000124107 Dressing:732993006 Dressing:129003000 Sterile:261029002 Cover:706521006 Cannula:12150006 Site:10546003 | ||
| 43 | Patients should be instructed in the correct use of glucose meters, including quality control. Comparison between SMBG and concurrent laboratory glucose analysis should be performed at regular intervals to evaluate the accuracy of patient results. | Patients:D010361 Glucose:D005947 Quality Control:D011786 Laboratories:D007753 analysis:Q000032 | Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Glucose:67079006 Meters:272185007 Including:55919000 Quality:263496004 Control:246106000 Concurrent:68405009 Laboratory:261904005 Analysis:272389005 Performed:398166005 Regular:17854005 Patient:116154003 | Glucose:1011445 | |
| 44 | It is recommended that a thorough history and physical examination including a detailed neurologic examination and developmental assessment be performed in children presenting with an apparent first, unprovoked seizures. | History:D006664 history:Q000266 Physical Examination:D010808 Neurologic Examination:D009460 Child:D002648 Seizures:D012640 | History AND physical examination:63332003 Physical examination:5880005 Physical:19388002 Examination - action:302199004 Including:55919000 Neurologic:1199008 Developmental:278923009 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Performed:398166005 | Physical Examination:1014526 | |
| 45 | Parental choice regarding management of the delivery and subsequent care of the infant should be respected within the limits of medical feasibility and appropriateness | Infant:D007223 | Infant:133931009 Medical:74188005 | ||
| 46 | The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against the routine use of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as a primary screening test for cervical cancer. | Insufficient:423437008 Routine:50811001 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Human papillomavirus:9482002 Genus Papillomavirus:243584004 Cervical:261064006 | |||
| 47 | For patients with declining hemoglobin levels but less severe anemia (those with hemoglobin concentration < 12 g/dL but who never have fallen below 10 g/dL), the decision of whether to use epoetin immediately or to wait until hemoglobin levels fall closer to 10 g/dL should be determined by clinical circumstances. Red blood cell transfusion is also a therapeutic option when warranted by severe clinical conditions. | Patients:D010361 Hemoglobins:D006454 Anemia:D000740 Erythrocyte Transfusion:D017707 blood:Q000097 Blood:D001769 Cells:D002477 | Hemoglobin:38082009 Levels:258395000 Severe:24484000 Anemia:271737000 Concentration:82742001 Concentration:702942001 g/dL:258795003 Never:444841000124107 Use:419385000 Fall:1912002 Determined by:436000 Clinical:58147004 Blood cell:63370004 Blood:87612001 Transfusion - action:303955003 Transfusion:5447007 Therapeutic:262202000 | Hemoglobin:1011483 | |
| 48 | Pediatricians can work locally, nationally, and internationally to help change cultural norms conducive to eating disorders and proactively to change media messages. | Pediatricians:D000072143 Work:D014937 Feeding and Eating Disorders:D001068 Eating:D004435 | Eating:48263008 Media:228654009 | ||
| 49 | If a patient has GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) should be targeted to <100 mg/dL; non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol should be targeted to <130 mg/dL; and fasting triglycerides >500 mg/dL should be treated. | Lipoproteins:D008074 Cholesterol:D002784 Fasting:D005215 Triglycerides:D014280 | Patient:116154003 mL/min:258859000 min:258701004 Low:62482003 Density:125146005 Lipoprotein:301861005 100:420528006 mg/dL:258797006 High:75540009 High density lipoprotein:9422000 Cholesterol:84698008 130:732492005 Fasting:16985007 500:732775002 | Triglycerides:84478 | |
| 50 | At present there is insufficient evidence to recommend gemcitabine combined with a taxane as first-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. | gemcitabine:C056507 taxane:C080625 therapy:Q000628 Cells:D002477 Lung:D008168 | Present:52101004 Insufficient:423437008 Gemcitabine:386920008 Combined:89780004 Linear:50009006 Therapy:276239002 Non-small cell lung cancer:254637007 Non-small cell:264885008 Small:255507004 Lung structure:39607008 | ||
| 52 | Nutrition Screening A procedure for periodic nutrition rescreening should be implemented. | Nutrition:384759009 Procedure:71388002 Periodic:81591007 Implemented:454301000124101 | |||
| 53 | Protein Requirements Histidine is a conditionally essential amino acid for neonates and infants up to 6 months of age and should be specifically supplemented. | Histidine:D006639 Infant:D007223 | Protein:88878007 Histidine:60260004 Is a:116680003 Essential amino acid:112000000 Essential:34325006 Amino acid:52518006 Acid:34957004 month:258706009 Age:397669002 | Protein:1011659 | |
| 54 | Each parenteral nutrition formulation compounded should be inspected for signs of gross particulate contamination, discoloration, particulate formation, and phase separation at the time of compounding and before administration. | Parenteral Nutrition:D010288 Time:D013995 | Parenteral:738984000 Nutrition:384759009 Gross:255344003 Particulate:278694008 Phase:21191007 Separation:16640008 Separation:160788005 Time:900000000000475002 Time:410669006 Time:410670007 Administration:416118004 Administration:413454004 | Time:1022208 Time:1014977 | |
| 55 | For individuals without symptoms or a history of cancer, the guideline developers recommend against the use of serial chest x-rays (CXRs) to screen for the presence of lung cancer. | History:D006664 history:Q000266 Guideline:D016431 Thorax:D013909 X-Rays:D014965 Lung:D008168 | History of:392521001 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Thoracic structure:51185008 Present:52101004 Presence:705057003 Presence:386397008 Lung structure:39607008 | ||
| 56 | Diagnosis of Primary TumorIn patients with a central lesion who present with or without hemoptysis, sputum cytology (at least three specimens) is a reasonable first step (in centers with a formal program directed at the acquisition, handling, and interpretation of sputum samples) in the diagnostic workup. | Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 Patients:D010361 Hemoptysis:D006469 Sputum:D013183 cytology:Q000166 Programs:D019542 | Diagnosis:439401001 Central:26216008 Lesion:52988006 Present:52101004 Hemoptysis:66857006 Sputum cytology:168476005 Sputum:45710003 Cytology:702666009 Is a:116680003 Step:398298007 Interpretation:280452008 | ||
| 57 | In patients with a positron-emission tomography (PET) scan that is positive in the mediastinum, confirmation should be obtained by an invasive test that allows sampling of the PET-positive nodes with a high sensitivity and a low FN rate. In general, mediastinoscopy is likely to be the best test. | Patients:D010361 Positron-Emission Tomography:D049268 Tomography:D014054 Mediastinum:D008482 Sensitivity and Specificity:D012680 Mediastinoscopy:D008481 | Emission:81059003 Positive:10828004 Mediastinal structure:72410000 Obtained:398092000 Invasive:10179008 Sampling - action:257915005 High:75540009 Sensitivity:35209006 Low:62482003 Mediastinoscopy:261479009 | Mediastinoscopy:1027833 | |
| 58 | All patients undergoing resection for stage I NSCLC (IA and IB) should have intraoperative systematic surgical mediastinal lymph node evaluation for accurate pathologic staging. | Patients:D010361 Lymph:D008196 | Stage:258214002 Intraoperative:277671009 Surgical:83578000 Mediastinal lymph node structure:62683002 Mediastinal:264099006 Structure of lymph node:59441001 Lymph:38000004 Accurate:263656005 Pathologic:29458008 | ||
| 59 | Patients with stage IIIA (N2) lung cancer identified preoperatively have a relatively poor prognosis when treated with surgery as a single modality. Several small trials of induction chemotherapy have yielded conflicting results about its effect on survival. The relative roles of surgery and radiation therapy as the local treatment modality are also not clearly defined. Definitive treatment recommendations are difficult to make in this setting. Therefore, patients in this subset should be referred for multidisciplinary evaluation before embarking on definitive treatment. | Patients:D010361 Lung:D008168 Prognosis:D011379 surgery:Q000601 Induction Chemotherapy:D060828 drug therapy:Q000188 Survival:D013534 mortality:Q000401 Radiation:D011827 therapy:Q000628 | Stage 3A:261638004 Stage:258214002 Lung structure:39607008 Identified:7882003 Prognosis bad:170969009 Determination of prognosis:20481000 Treated with:28995006 Surgery:257556004 Single person:125681006 Small:255507004 Induction chemotherapy:450827009 Chemotherapy:367336001 Effect:253861007 Relative:125677006 Relative:29920004 Radiation:82107009 Therapy:276239002 Local:255470001 Defined:900000000000073002 Definitive:261002007 Difficult:52925006 | Surgery:1003143 | |
| 60 | Infants identified as having significant risk of caries or assessed to be within 1 of the risk groups listed in the original guideline document should be entered into an aggressive anticipatory guidance and intervention program provided by a dentist between 6 and 12 months of age. | Infant:D007223 Risk:D012306 Guideline:D016431 Programs:D019542 | Identified:7882003 Significant:386134007 Risk of:30207005 Caries:65413006 Groups:261586004 Original:19535007 Anticipatory guidance:386516004 Dentist:106289002 month:258706009 Age:397669002 | ||
| 61 | Prevention:Continue preventive measures even when a patient has a pressure ulcer to prevent additional pressure areas from developing. | Pressure Ulcer:D003668 Pressure:D011312 Ulcer:D014456 | Preventive intent:129428001 Measures:367346004 Patient:116154003 Pressure ulcer:399912005 Pressure ulcer:420226006 Pressure:722243006 Pressure:13543005 Ulcer:56208002 Ulcer:429040005 | ||
| 62 | The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen all adult patients for obesity and offer intensive counseling and behavioral interventions to promote sustained weight loss for obese adults. | Adult:D000328 Patients:D010361 Obesity:D009765 Counseling:D003376 Weight Loss:D015431 | Adult:133936004 Obesity:414916001 Counseling:409063005 Sustained:263892007 Weight loss:89362005 Weight:726527001 Obese:414915002 | Counseling:1014980 | |
| 63 | If PTLD has been detected, it is recommended that a contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) be the modality of choice for further evaluation. Chest radiographs, ultrasound, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used to detect PTLD . | Tomography:D014054 Thorax:D013909 Magnetic Resonance Imaging:D008279 Magnetics:D008280 | Post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder:450943001 Detected:260373001 Thoracic structure:51185008 Magnetic resonance imaging:113091000 Resonance:300594005 Resonance:39527002 Imaging:363679005 | ||
| 64 | If systemic hypertension persists on maximal therapy with calcium channel blockers, the following concomitant drug therapy should be considered. | Hypertension:D006973 therapy:Q000628 Calcium Channel Blockers:D002121 Calcium:D002118 Drug Therapy:D004358 drug therapy:Q000188 | Systemic:31099001 Maximal:56851009 Therapy:276239002 Calcium channel:115568009 Calcium:5540006 Channel:255592004 After:255234002 Following:255260001 Drug therapy:416608005 | Calcium:1011309 | |
| 65 | Skin inspection should occur regularly; the frequency of inspections should be determined in response to changes in the individual's condition in relation to both deterioration or recovery. | Skin:D012867 | Skin structure:39937001 Inspection:32750006 Frequency:260864003 Individual:385435006 Condition:260905004 | ||
| 66 | Recommend patients with wounds and LEAD seek care guided by a clinical wound expert. | Patients:D010361 Lead:D007854 | Lead:88488004 Clinical:58147004 Wound:13924000 Wound:416462003 | Lead:83655 | |
| 67 | Evaluate the patient for the presence of risk factors for heart failure. | Risk Factors:D012307 Risk:D012306 Heart Failure:D006333 Heart:D006321 | Patient:116154003 Present:52101004 Presence:705057003 Presence:386397008 Heart failure:84114007 Failure:76797004 | ||
| 68 | School personnel involved in detection of head lice infestation should be appropriately trained. The importance and difficulty of correctly diagnosing an active head lice infestation should be acknowledged. Schools should examine any lice related policies they may have with this in mind. | Head:D006257 Lice Infestations:D010373 Schools:D012574 Policy:D057766 | School:257698009 Involved:248448006 Difficulty:371157007 Active:55561003 Related:262094002 | School:1021865 | |
| 69 | Buteyko Breathing Techniques may be helpful in reducing reliever use and improving quality of life, but this will involve a considerable cost to the patient. | Respiration:D012119 Quality of Life:D011788 Life:D019369 economics:Q000191 | Use:419385000 Improving:385633008 Quality of life satisfaction:405152002 Quality:263496004 Patient:116154003 | ||
| 70 | Use the bed only for sleeping (or sex). | Beds:D001513 Sex:D012723 | Use:419385000 Bed:229772003 Asleep:248220008 | ||
| 71 | Develop a nursing plan tailored to the patient's presenting problem(s) and risk factors. | nursing:Q000451 Nursing:D009729 Risk Factors:D012307 Risk:D012306 | Nursing:722165004 Patient:116154003 Problem:55607006 | ||
| 72 | Infants and children with eating disorders should receive an oromotor assessment by an occupational therapist, speech therapist, nurse, or physician with training in pediatric oromotor dysfunction. | Infant:D007223 Child:D002648 Feeding and Eating Disorders:D001068 Eating:D004435 Occupational Therapists:D000072087 Speech:D013060 Physicians:D010820 education:Q000193 | Eating:48263008 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Occupational therapist:80546007 Occupational:87923000 Professional nurse:106292003 Physician:309343006 Functional training:118629009 | ||
| 73 | Patients with good PS (i.e., ECOG level 0 or 1) should be considered for a platinum-based chemotherapy regimen based on the survival advantage provided over best supportive care (BSC). | Patients:D010361 Platinum:D010984 drug therapy:Q000188 Survival:D013534 mortality:Q000401 | Good:20572008 Electrocorticogram:81906003 Level:276625007 Platinum:84847000 Chemotherapy:367336001 | ||
| 74 | Treatment of Extensive-Stage SCL First-Line Treatment Patients achieving a complete remission (CR) should be offered prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). | therapy:Q000628 Patients:D010361 Cranial Irradiation:D016371 | Extensive:41118005 Stage:258214002 Linear:50009006 Complete:255594003 Offered:410527000 Prophylactic:262073000 Cephalic:66787007 Irradiation:359549004 | ||
| 75 | Patients with symptomatic brain metastases should be treated with dexamethasone, 16 mg/d, for 4 weeks during the course of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT); dexamethasone should then be rapidly tapered and discontinued. | Patients:D010361 Brain:D001921 Dexamethasone:D003907 Radiation:D011827 therapy:Q000628 | Symptomatic:264931009 Brain structure:12738006 Treated with:28995006 Dexamethasone:372584003 Radiation:82107009 Therapy:276239002 Rapidly:418694008 Discontinued:410546004 | ||
| 76 | Patients with lung cancer should have clear understandable information about their diagnosis, treatment, and possible outcomes. Patients and their families should be offered clear, full, prompt, and culturally appropriate information, preferably in both verbal and written form. | Patients:D010361 Lung:D008168 Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 therapy:Q000628 Form:D020478 | Lung structure:39607008 Clear:263707001 Diagnosis:439401001 Possible:371930009 Possible diagnosis:60022001 Offered:410527000 Verbal:255373000 Form:246176004 | ||
| 77 | Offer screening with FOBT every year combined with flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years. When both tests are performed, the FOBT should be done first. | Sigmoidoscopy:D012812 | year:258707000 Combined:89780004 Flexible:261012000 Sigmoidoscopy:24420007 Tests:272393004 Performed:398166005 | ||
| 78 | Opioids should be used for patients with OA or RA when other medications and nonpharmacologic interventions produce inadequate pain relief and the patientâ??s quality of life is affected by the pain. Morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, or other mu agonist opioids, as a single agent or combined with an NSAID or with acetaminophen, should be used for moderate to severe OA or RA pain that has not responded to other treatments. The use of codeine and propoxyphene should be avoided because of their side effects and limited analgesic effectiveness. | Patients:D010361 Pain:D010146 Quality of Life:D011788 Life:D019369 Morphine:D009020 Oxycodone:D010098 Hydrocodone:D006853 Acetaminophen:D000082 Therapeutics:D013812 Codeine:D003061 adverse effects:Q000009 | Inadequate:71978007 Pain relief:182970005 Pain:22253000 Feeling relief:224978009 Patient:116154003 Quality of life satisfaction:405152002 Quality:263496004 Affecting:247591002 Morphine:373529000 Oxycodone:55452001 Hydrocodone:372671002 Single person:125681006 Agent:260872001 Combined:89780004 Acetaminophen:387517004 Moderate to severe:371924009 Moderate:6736007 Severe:24484000 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Codeine:387494007 Propoxyphene:387042001 Limited:255469002 Limited:900000000000486000 Analgesic:373265006 Effectiveness:255403003 | Oxycodone:80365 Propoxyphene:80367 | |
| 79 | All patients should receive education on the importance of lifestyle changes (e.g., engaging in regular weight-bearing exercise, quitting smoking, avoiding excessive alcohol intake), as well as vitamin D and calcium supplementation. | Patients:D010361 Education:D004493 education:Q000193 Weight-Bearing:D016474 Exercise:D015444 Smoking:D012907 Vitamin D:D014807 Vitamins:D014815 Calcium:D002118 | Details of education:276031006 Education:409073007 Lifestyle:134436002 Regular:17854005 Weight-bearing:249981005 Weight:726527001 Exercise:256235009 Excessive:260378005 Alcohol intake:160573003 Alcohol:53041004 Vitamin D:30178006 Vitamin:87708000 Calcium:5540006 | Vitamin D:1020198 Calcium:1011309 | |
| 80 | Practice settings need a policy with respect to providing and requesting advance notice when transferring or admitting clients between practice settings when special resources (e.g., surfaces) are required. | Policy:D057766 Respect:D000078682 Patients:D010361 | Transferring:129005007 Special:67995009 | ||
| 81 | Parents should be advised that home cardiorespiratory monitoring has not been proven to prevent sudden unexpected deaths in infants. | Parents:D010290 Infant:D007223 | Home:264362003 Proven:277025001 Sudden:255363002 | Home:1021873 | |
| 82 | Further treatment with efalizumab is not recommended in patients unless their psoriasis has responded adequately at 12 weeks . | therapy:Q000628 efalizumab:C472181 Patients:D010361 Psoriasis:D011565 | Efalizumab:407005009 Psoriasis:9014002 | ||
| 83 | To reduce the incidence and mortality rate of cervix cancer, effective screening and preventive strategy must be actively pursued, in addition to early detection of disease and effective therapy . | Incidence:D015994 Mortality:D009026 mortality:Q000401 Cervix Uteri:D002584 Disease:D004194 therapy:Q000628 | Mortality rate:409651001 Effective:254648000 Preventive intent:129428001 Early:264499004 Disease:64572001 Therapy:276239002 | ||
| 84 | Serological screening for hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen and antibody (HBs Ag, anti-HBs IgG) should be done within 6 months pre-vaccination for all, except newborns. Hepatitis B vaccinations, except for newborns, should be given at months 0, 1, and 6, and anti-HBs IgG should be checked within 3 months after the booster dose at month 6. For newborns, vaccinations are given at months 0, 1, and 5. Newborns of hepatitis B virusâ??infected mothers who are hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive should also be given hepatitis B immunoglobulin at birth. | Hepatitis B:D006509 Hepatitis:D006505 Antigens:D000941 Vaccination:D014611 Hepatitis B virus:D006515 Mothers:D009035 Hepatitis B e Antigens:D006513 Parturition:D036801 | Surface:410678000 Surface:410679008 Antigen:7120007 Antibody:68498002 Immunoglobulin G measurement:45293001 month:258706009 Except for:5185003 Hepatitis B virus:81665004 Virus:49872002 Hepatitis B e antigen:60605004 Blood group antigen E:36744004 Positive:10828004 Immunoglobulin:112133008 Birth:3950001 | Antibody:1011980 Antibody:1012036 | |
| 85 | In anthracycline-naive patients, who would ordinarily be offered treatment with a single-agent anthracycline (doxorubicin or epirubicin) or an anthracycline in a standard combination, the following options are also reasonable:Treatment with single-agent docetaxel 100 mg/m2 over one hour every three weeks.Docetaxel or paclitaxel in combination with doxorubicin. | Patients:D010361 therapy:Q000628 Doxorubicin:D004317 Epirubicin:D015251 Docetaxel:D000077143 Paclitaxel:D017239 | Anthracycline:372540003 Offered:410527000 Single person:125681006 Agent:260872001 Doxorubicin:372817009 Epirubicin:417916005 Combined:89780004 After:255234002 Following:255260001 Docetaxel:386918005 100:420528006 Mg/m2:396174004 hour:258702006 Three weeks:4831000175101 Paclitaxel:387374002 | ||
| 86 | Patients should have adequate, accurate information regarding factors that influence HIV transmission and methods for reducing the risk for transmission to others, emphasizing that the most effective methods for preventing transmission are those that protect noninfected persons against exposure to HIV (e.g., sexual abstinence; consistent and correct use of condoms made of latex, polyurethane or other synthetic materials; and sex with only a partner of the same HIV serostatus). HIV-infected patients who engage in high-risk sexual practices (i.e., capable of resulting in HIV transmission) with persons of unknown or negative HIV serostatus should be counseled to use condoms consistently and correctly. | Patients:D010361 HIV:D006678 transmission:Q000635 Methods:D008722 methods:Q000379 Risk:D012306 Persons:D009272 Sexual Abstinence:D012746 Condoms:D017280 Latex:D007840 Sex:D012723 | Adequate:88323005 Accurate:263656005 Transmission:258150004 Effective:254648000 Exposure to:24932003 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Latex:111088007 High:75540009 Resulting in:79409006 Unknown:261665006 Negative:260385009 | ||
| 87 | Intra-oral devices are an appropriate therapy for snorers and for patients with mild OSAHS with normal daytime alertness. | therapy:Q000628 Patients:D010361 | Oral:738956005 Oral:260548002 Therapy:276239002 Mild:255604002 Normal:17621005 Daytime:28017001 | ||
| 88 | The following recommendations are based primarily on consensus and expert opinion:In addition to health risks and benefits, patient counseling should include consideration of how oophorectomy may relate to the individual patient's body image, perceptions concerning sexuality, and personal feelings. | Consensus:D032921 Health:D006262 Risk:D012306 Counseling:D003376 Body Image:D001828 Perception:D010465 Sexuality:D019529 | After:255234002 Following:255260001 Health:263775005 Patient:116154003 Counseling:409063005 Oophorectomy:83152002 Individual:385435006 Body image:405045001 Image:900000000000520007 Finding related to sexual state:118200004 Emotion:285854004 | Counseling:1014980 | |
| 89 | High-dose PGE2 vaginal suppositories may be used in the management of intrauterine fetal demise in the second trimester of pregnancy. | Dinoprostone:D015232 Suppositories:D013488 Pregnancy:D011247 | High:75540009 Vaginal:738989005 Intrauterine:738945005 Intrauterine:398236008 Second trimester:255247007 Second:81170007 Pregnancy:289908002 | ||
| 90 | The treatment of choice for anovulatory uterine bleeding is medical therapy with oral contraceptives. | therapy:Q000628 | Anovulatory:251663001 Bleeding:131148009 Medical therapy:243121000 Medical:74188005 Therapy:276239002 Oral:738956005 Oral:260548002 | ||
| 91 | Laparoscopic myomectomy appears to be a safe and effective option for women with a small number of moderately sized uterine leiomyomas who do not desire future fertility. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the safety of this procedure for women planning pregnancy. | Women:D014930 Fertility:D005298 Safety:D012449 Pregnancy:D011247 | Laparoscopic myomectomy:450559006 Effective:254648000 Small:255507004 Number:410680006 Number:260299005 Procedure:71388002 Pregnancy:289908002 | ||
| 92 | Pregnant patients with a history of isolated venous thrombosis directly related to a transient, highly thrombogenic event (orthopedic trauma, complicated surgery) in whom an underlying thrombophilia has been excluded may be offered heparin prophylaxis or no prophylaxis during the antepartum period. However, they should be counseled that their risk of thromboembolism is likely to be higher than the normal population. Prophylactic warfarin should be offered for 6 weeks postpartum. | Patients:D010361 History:D006664 history:Q000266 Venous Thrombosis:D020246 Thrombosis:D013927 injuries:Q000293 surgery:Q000601 Thrombophilia:D019851 Heparin:D006493 Risk:D012306 Thromboembolism:D013923 Population:D011153 Warfarin:D014859 | Pregnant:77386006 History of:392521001 Isolated:46651001 Venous thrombosis:111293003 Venous:263925004 Thrombosis:439127006 Thrombosis:264579008 Related:262094002 Event:272379006 Complicated:255302009 Surgery:257556004 Thrombophilia:234467004 Offered:410527000 Heparin:372877000 Antepartum:276986009 Risk of:30207005 Thromboembolic disorder:371039008 Normal:17621005 Population:385436007 Prophylactic:262073000 Warfarin:372756006 Postpartum:255410009 | Surgery:1003143 | |
| 93 | Alternatives for thromboprophylaxis for moderate-risk* patients undergoing gynecologic surgery include the following:Thigh-high graduated compression stockings placed intraoperatively and continued until the patient is fully ambulatoryPneumatic compression placed intraoperatively and continued until the patient is fully ambulatory.Unfractionated heparin (5,000 U) administered 2 hours before surgery and continued postoperatively every 8 hours until discharge.Low-molecular-weight heparin (dalteparin, 2,500 antifactor-Xa U, or enoxaparin, 40 mg) administered 12 hours before surgery and once a day postoperatively until discharge. | Risk:D012306 Patients:D010361 surgery:Q000601 Thigh:D013848 Heparin:D006493 Dalteparin:D017985 Enoxaparin:D017984 | Moderate:6736007 Gynecologic:74570005 Surgery:257556004 After:255234002 Following:255260001 High:75540009 Compression:71173004 Stocking:228184002 Patient:116154003 Ambulatory:255327002 Heparin:372877000 2 hours:123030002 Preoperative:262068006 8 hours:123034006 Discharge specimen:258439008 Discharge:75823008 Low:62482003 Weight:726527001 Dalteparin:372563008 500:732775002 Enoxaparin:372562003 12 hours:123035007 day:258703001 | Surgery:1003143 | |
| 94 | Luteal phase support with progesterone is of unproven efficacy. | Luteal Phase:D008183 Progesterone:D011374 | Phase:21191007 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Progesterone:16683002 Unproven:277026000 | Progesterone:84144 | |
| 95 | Available evidence does not support a recommendation for or against moderate caloric restriction in obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, if caloric restriction is used, the diet should be restricted by no more than 33% of calories. | Caloric Restriction:D031204 Women:D014930 Diabetes, Gestational:D016640 Diabetes Mellitus:D003920 Diet:D004032 | Does not:717896003 Does:385640009 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Moderate:6736007 Obese:414915002 Gestational diabetes mellitus:11687002 Gestational:255402008 Diabetes mellitus:73211009 Restricted:263856008 | ||
| 96 | Daily calcium supplementation has not been shown to prevent preeclampsia and, therefore, is not recommended. | Calcium:D002118 | Daily:69620002 Calcium:5540006 | Calcium:1011309 | |
| 97 | Raloxifene is appropriate therapy for women with established osteoporosis to prevent osteoporotic fractures. | therapy:Q000628 Women:D014930 Osteoporosis:D010024 Osteoporotic Fractures:D058866 | Raloxifene:109029006 Therapy:276239002 Established:263748003 Osteoporosis:64859006 | ||
| 98 | The best or initial treatment for hirsutism, ovulation induction, or prevention of long-term metabolic sequelae for women with PCOS is unknown. All of these conditions may benefit from lifestyle modification as initial treatment. | therapy:Q000628 Hirsutism:D006628 Ovulation Induction:D010062 Ovulation:D010060 Women:D014930 | Initial:884001 Hirsutism:399939002 Ovulation induction:61285001 Ovulation:34008004 Long:255511005 Unknown:261665006 Lifestyle:134436002 | ||
| 99 | For women at or beyond 36 weeks of gestation with a first episode of HSV occurring during the current pregnancy, antiviral therapy should be considered. | Women:D014930 Pregnancy:D011247 therapy:Q000628 | First episode:255217005 Episode of:263503000 Current:15240007 Pregnancy:289908002 Antiviral therapy:427314002 Antiviral:372701006 Antiviral:768683002 Therapy:276239002 | ||
| 100 | Periconceptional folic acid supplementation is recommended because it has been shown to reduce the occurrence and recurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs). | Folic Acid:D005492 Recurrence:D012008 Neural Tube Defects:D009436 Neural Tube:D054259 | Folic acid supplementation:226316008 Folic acid:63718003 Acid:34957004 Occurrence:246454002 Recurrence:246455001 Tube - unit of product usage:418530008 Tube:733024003 Tube:83059008 | Folic acid:1011419 | |
| 101 | Neuroimaging should be considered in children with an abnormal neurologic examination (e.g., focal findings, signs of increased intracranial pressure, significant alteration of consciousness), the co-existence of seizures, or both. | Neuroimaging:D059906 Child:D002648 Neurologic Examination:D009460 diagnosis:Q000175 Intracranial Pressure:D007427 Pressure:D011312 Consciousness:D003243 Seizures:D012640 | Abnormal:263654008 Neurologic:1199008 Examination - action:302199004 Focal:87017008 Increased:35105006 Intracranial pressure:250844005 Intracranial:303231004 Pressure:722243006 Pressure:13543005 Significant:386134007 Consciousness related finding:106167005 | ||
| 102 | Patients with disabling complex partial seizures, with or without secondarily generalized seizures, who have failed appropriate trials of first-line antiepileptic drugs should be considered for referral to an epilepsy surgery center, although criteria for failure of drug treatment have not been definitely established . | Patients:D010361 Seizures:D012640 Epilepsy:D004827 surgery:Q000601 therapy:Q000628 | Complex:103360007 Partial:255609007 Secondarily generalized seizures:20544001 Generalized:60132005 Linear:50009006 Referral to:440379008 Epilepsy:84757009 Surgery:257556004 Central:26216008 Failure:76797004 Established:263748003 | Surgery:1003143 | |
| 103 | The principles of stepped care should be followed for patients with alcohol problems and dependence. | Patients:D010361 | Alcohol:53041004 Dependence:255338002 | ||
| 104 | Pediatricians should create a variety of ways for children and families to serve as advisorsâ??as members of child or family advisory councils, committees, and task forces dealing with operational issues in hospitals, clinics, and office-based practices; as participants in quality improvement initiatives; as educators of staff and professionals in training; and as leaders or coleaders of peer support programs. | Pediatricians:D000072143 Child:D002648 Family:D005190 Hospitals:D006761 Quality Improvement:D058996 education:Q000193 Programs:D019542 | Child:67822003 Family:35359004 Office:257649000 Quality:263496004 Functional training:118629009 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 | Office:1021872 | |
| 105 | Pediatricians should undertake assessment and improvement activities necessary to maximize their practices' effectiveness in immunizing children. | Pediatricians:D000072143 Child:D002648 | Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Activity:257733005 Effectiveness:255403003 | ||
| 106 | Encourage public and private sources to direct funding toward research into effective strategies to prevent overweight and obesity and to maximize limited family and community resources to achieve healthful outcomes for youth. | Research:D012106 Overweight:D050177 Obesity:D009765 Family:D005190 | Direct:255589003 Effective:254648000 Overweight:238131007 Obesity:414916001 Limited:255469002 Limited:900000000000486000 Family:35359004 Community:133928008 | ||
| 107 | While use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor shortens the duration of neutropenia and decreases the infection rate in these patients, no differences in disease control or survival have been detected. | Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor:D016179 Granulocytes:D006098 Neutropenia:D009503 Infection:D007239 Patients:D010361 Disease:D004194 Survival:D013534 mortality:Q000401 | Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Granulocyte:256909001 Colony stimulating factor:372559001 Duration:103335007 Duration:762636008 Neutropenia:165517008 Disease:64572001 Control:246106000 Detected:260373001 | ||
| 108 | Practitioners should follow the post-operative rehabilitation protocol recommended by the orthopaedic surgeon. | rehabilitation:Q000534 Rehabilitation:D012046 | Follow:421939007 After values:288563008 Rehabilitation - specialty:394602003 Orthopedic surgeon:22731001 Surgeon:304292004 | ||
| 109 | Lifestyle modifications may aid in the prevention of onychomycosis. Modifications consist of wearing properly fitting shoes, using shower shoes in community showers, washing feet daily with soap and water, wearing hosiery made of synthetic materials, and supplying manicurist with personal pedicure/manicure tools . | Onychomycosis:D014009 Shoes:D012775 Foot:D005528 Water:D014867 | Lifestyle:134436002 Aid:246088000 Onychomycosis:414941008 Fitting procedure:122467006 Shoes:43983001 Shower:465770001 Community:133928008 ft:259051005 Daily:69620002 Soap:25780000 Water:11713004 Hosiery:228183008 Manicurist:39818006 | ||
| 110 | The time to normalization of base deficit, lactate, and pHi is predictive of survival. | Time:D013995 Survival:D013534 mortality:Q000401 | Time:900000000000475002 Time:410669006 Time:410670007 Base deficit:102634007 Base - unit of product usage:418836005 Alkali:63813000 Lactate:83036002 Phi:421317003 | Time:1022208 Time:1014977 | |
| 111 | Females aged between 1 and 2 years presenting with fever without source should be considered at risk for having a urinary tract infection. | Female:D005260 Aged:D000368 Fever:D005334 Risk:D012306 Urinary Tract:D014551 Infection:D007239 | Fever:386661006 Source:260753009 At risk:410519009 | ||
| 112 | An intravenous bolus followed by continuous-infusion proton-pump inhibitor is effective in decreasing rebleeding in patients who have undergone successful endoscopic therapy. | Patients:D010361 therapy:Q000628 | Intravenous:255560000 Followed by:367409002 Continuous:255238004 Infusion:36576007 Proton:89177007 Pump:44668000 Effective:254648000 Decreasing:260371004 Successful:385669000 Therapy:276239002 | ||
| 113 | Intraoperatively, the endoscopic general surgeon should participate in positioning the patient and selecting the proper locations of the trocars. The endoscopic general surgeon is not only responsible for safe entry into either the peritoneum or the retroperitoneum but also must participate in safe dissection to expose the proper spinal anatomy. He/she should be immediately available throughout the entire operative procedure. At the conclusion of the procedure, the endoscopic surgeon is responsible for safely exiting the peritoneum or retroperitoneum and for closure of trocar sites. The endoscopic surgeon must be capable of recognizing and managing intraoperative laparoscopic complications. | Peritoneum:D010537 Dissection:D004210 Anatomy:D000715 complications:Q000150 | General surgeon:78703002 Surgeon:304292004 Positioning:246449006 Patient:116154003 Dissection procedure:122459003 Immediately available throughout:398047007 Entire:255503000 Procedure:71388002 Closure:112695004 Trocar:118418003 Intraoperative:277671009 | ||
| 114 | Premature ejaculation can be treated effectively with several serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) or with topical anesthetics. The optimal treatment choice should be based on both physician judgment and patient preference. | Premature Ejaculation:D061686 Ejaculation:D004542 Serotonin:D012701 Anesthetics:D000777 therapy:Q000628 Physicians:D010820 Judgment:D007600 Patient Preference:D057240 | Premature ejaculation:44001008 Ejaculation:40335009 Serotonin:33635003 Topical:359540000 Anesthetics:394577000 Physician:309343006 Patient:116154003 | Serotonin:84260 | |
| 115 | Although the available evidence suggests a lower VAP rate with passive humidification than with active humidification, other issues related to the use of passive humidifiers (resistance, dead space volume, airway occlusion risk) preclude a recommendation for the general use of these devices. The decision to use a passive humidifier should not be based solely on infection control considerations. | Humidifiers:D000068998 Risk:D012306 Infection Control:D017053 Infection:D007239 | Lower:261122009 Active:55561003 Related:262094002 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Dead:419099009 Volume:118565006 Complete obstruction:50173008 Humidifier:71545009 Control:246106000 | ||
| 116 | Autologous transplantation is recommended for patients with advanced-stage myeloma and good performance status. The evidence is strongest for patients under 65 years of age without significant renal dysfunction following hydration and remission-induction chemotherapy. Physicians must use their clinical judgment in recommending transplantation to patients over 65 years of age or those with renal impairment. | transplantation:Q000637 Transplantation:D014180 Patients:D010361 Induction Chemotherapy:D060828 drug therapy:Q000188 Physicians:D010820 Judgment:D007600 | Autologous:255379001 Transplantation:77465005 Advanced:86005002 Stage:258214002 Good:20572008 Status:263490005 Age:397669002 Significant:386134007 After:255234002 Following:255260001 Hydration status:405006006 Induction chemotherapy:450827009 Chemotherapy:367336001 Use:419385000 Clinical:58147004 Renal impairment:236423003 Impairment:40226000 | ||
| 117 | Abdominal paracentesis should be performed and ascitic fluid should be obtained from inpatients and outpatients with clinically apparent new-onset ascites . | Paracentesis:D019152 Ascitic Fluid:D001202 Inpatients:D007297 Outpatients:D010045 Ascites:D001201 | Abdominal paracentesis:89305009 Abdominal:277112006 Performed:398166005 Ascitic fluid:409615008 Ascitic:255415004 Fluid:255765007 Obtained:398092000 New:7147002 Ascites:389026000 | ||
| 118 | The USPSTF recommends against routine screening of asymptomatic persons who are not at increased risk for syphilis infection. | Persons:D009272 Risk:D012306 Syphilis:D013587 Infection:D007239 | Routine:50811001 Asymptomatic:84387000 Increased:35105006 Syphilis:76272004 | ||
| 119 | What are the standard initial treatment options?Recommendation: Bilateral orchiectomy or medical castration with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists are the recommended initial treatments for metastatic prostate cancer. A full discussion between practitioner and patient should occur to determine which is best for the patient. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) should not be considered as a standard first-line treatment option and is currently no longer commercially available in North America. | therapy:Q000628 Orchiectomy:D009919 Castration:D002369 Luteinizing Hormone:D007986 Hormones:D006728 agonists:Q000819 Therapeutics:D013812 secondary:Q000556 Prostate:D011467 Diethylstilbestrol:D004054 North America:D009656 Americas:D000569 | Initial:884001 Right and left:51440002 Total orchidectomy:236334001 Medical:74188005 Hormone:87568004 Hormone:734617007 Prostatic structure:41216001 Discussion:223482009 Patient:116154003 Diethylstilbestrol:396026002 Linear:50009006 North America:223503004 | ||
| 120 | Children and adolescents with newly diagnosed and/or recurrent malignancies should have their treatment coordinated by a board-certified pediatric hematologist/oncologist; treatment should be prescribed and initiated at a pediatric cancer center but may be continued at a center not specialized in the care of the pediatric oncology patient under the continuing oversight of the center's multidisciplinary team. | Child:D002648 therapy:Q000628 Oncologists:D000072103 | Recurrent:255227004 No incoordination:162258009 Hematologist:40204001 Central:26216008 Pediatric oncology:418002000 Patient:116154003 | ||
| 121 | Roles of all the various mental health professionals who work on campus with students should be defined so that they are understood by students, families, all school staff members, and the mental health professionals themselves. | Mental Health:D008603 Health:D006262 Work:D014937 Students:D013334 | Various:256220008 Health:263775005 Defined:900000000000073002 School:257698009 | School:1021865 | |
| 122 | On the basis of several consistent Class II and III studies, mitoxantrone probably reduces the clinical attack rate and reduces attack-related magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes in patients with relapsing MS (Type B recommendation). The potential toxicity of mitoxantrone, however, considerably limits its use in patients with relapsing forms of MS. | Mitoxantrone:D008942 Magnetic Resonance Imaging:D008279 Magnetics:D008280 Patients:D010361 toxicity:Q000633 Form:D020478 | Class:277046005 III:257471003 Mitoxantrone:386913001 Clinical:58147004 Attack:216299002 Related:262094002 Magnetic resonance imaging:113091000 Resonance:300594005 Resonance:39527002 Imaging:363679005 Type:410656007 Use:419385000 | ||
| 123 | In patients with suspected PH, right-heart catheterization is required to confirm the presence of PH, establish the specific diagnosis, and determine the severity of PH. | Patients:D010361 Heart:D006321 Catheterization:D002404 Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 | Suspected:415684004 Right:24028007 Catheterization:45211000 Confirmatory technique:703690001 Present:52101004 Presence:705057003 Presence:386397008 Specific:69658003 Diagnosis:439401001 Severity:246112005 | ||
| 124 | In adult patients with PAH and complex congenital heart disease who are undergoing transplantation, HLT is the procedure of choice. | Adult:D000328 Patients:D010361 congenital:Q000151 Heart:D006321 Disease:D004194 transplantation:Q000637 Transplantation:D014180 | Adult:133936004 Complex:103360007 Congenital heart disease:13213009 Congenital:255399007 Heart disease:56265001 Disease:64572001 Transplantation:77465005 Procedure:71388002 | ||
| 125 | Elevated mean right atrial pressure (mRAP). | Atrial Pressure:D062185 Pressure:D011312 | Mean right atrial pressure:276775004 Mean:255586005 Right atrial pressure:276755008 Right:24028007 Atrial pressure:251068006 Pressure:722243006 Pressure:13543005 | ||
| 126 | Less common indications for splenectomy include splenic abscesses, cysts, sinistral portal hypertension secondary to isolated splenic vein thrombosis or obstruction, or splenic mass presumed to be a primary or undiagnosed neoplasm. Splenectomy is occasionally included in en bloc resection for malignancy in an adjacent organ, such as the stomach, colon, adrenal gland, or pancreas. Distal pancreatectomy usually includes splenectomy if preservation of the splenic artery and vein is either contraindicated (malignancy) or technically impossible. | Splenectomy:D013156 Abscess:D000038 Cysts:D003560 Hypertension:D006973 secondary:Q000556 Splenic Vein:D013162 Veins:D014680 Thrombosis:D013927 Stomach:D013270 Colon:D003106 Pancreas:D010179 Pancreatectomy:D010180 Splenic Artery:D013157 Arteries:D001158 | Common:72906007 Splenectomy:234319005 Portal hypertension:34742003 Portal:32381004 Secondary:2603003 Isolated:46651001 Splenic vein thrombosis:14534009 Venous structure:29092000 Thrombosis:439127006 Thrombosis:264579008 Obstruction:26036001 Mass:118538004 Mass:4147007 Neoplasm:108369006 Adrenal structure:23451007 Distal:46053002 Pancreatectomy:33149006 Arterial structure:51114001 Contraindicated:410536001 | Splenectomy:1006846 | |
| 127 | The recommended dose for strontium-89 is 148 mBq (4mCi) by slow intravenous injection (1 to 2 minutes), accompanied by intravenous or oral hydration (at least 500 mL). The recommended dose for samarium-153 is 37 mBq/kg (1 mCi/kg) by slow intravenous injection (1 to 2 minutes), accompanied by intravenous or oral hydration (at least 500 mL). | Strontium-89:C000615489 Strontium:D013324 Injections:D007267 Samarium-153:C000615023 Samarium:D012493 | Strontium-89:7770004 Strontium:43136004 MBq:229034000 Slow:255361000 Intravenous injection:43060002 Intravenous:255560000 Injection:385218009 Injection:59108006 min:258701004 Oral:738956005 Oral:260548002 Hydration status:405006006 500:732775002 Samarium-153:419804008 Samarium:419594005 mCi/kg:414726002 mCi:282110000 | ||
| 128 | Data concerning proper timing of office visits, CEA, and chest x-ray is insufficient to recommend one particular schedule of follow-up over another; however, office visits and CEA evaluations should be performed at a minimum of three times per year for the first two years of follow-up . | Office Visits:D009819 Thorax:D013909 Appointments and Schedules:D001071 | Timing:246512002 Office:257649000 Thoracic structure:51185008 X-ray:52250000 Insufficient:423437008 Follow-up status:308273005 Follow:421939007 Performed:398166005 Three times per year:307457000 Times:417929005 year:258707000 | Office:1021872 | |
| 129 | Health practitioners should provide workers at risk of occupational asthma with health surveillance at least annually and more frequently in the first two years of exposure. ** SIGN C** SIGN 2+ Sensitisation and occupational asthma are most likely to develop in the first years of exposure for workers exposed to enzymes, complex platinum salts, isocyanates, and laboratory animal allergens. | Health:D006262 Risk:D012306 Asthma:D001249 Enzymes:D004798 enzymology:Q000201 Platinum:D010984 Salts:D012492 Isocyanates:D017953 Animals, Laboratory:D000830 Laboratories:D007753 Allergens:D000485 | Health:263775005 At risk:410519009 Risk of:30207005 Occupational asthma:57607007 Occupational:87923000 Asthma:195967001 Surveillance:225419007 Sign:72670004 Complex:103360007 Platinum:84847000 Laboratory:261904005 Kingdom Animalia:387961004 | ||
| 130 | Diagnostic ultrasound should be undertaken by a radiologist with appropriate expertise. | Radiologists:D000072177 | Radiologist:66862007 | ||
| 131 | For patients with INRs of >9.0 and no significant bleeding, hold warfarin therapy and administer a higher dose of vitamin K1 (5 to 10 mg orally) with the expectation that the INR will be reduced substantially in 24 to 48 hours. Monitor the patient more frequently and use additional vitamin K1 if necessary. Resume therapy at a lower dose when INR is in the therapeutic range . | Patients:D010361 Warfarin:D014859 therapy:Q000628 Vitamin K 1:D010837 Vitamins:D014815 International Normalized Ratio:D019934 | Significant:386134007 Bleeding:131148009 Hold:421139008 Warfarin therapy:722045009 Warfarin:372756006 Therapy:276239002 Administer:738990001 Administer:418283001 Vitamin:87708000 Expectation:410517006 Reduced:260400001 48 hours:255249005 Monitor:13288007 Patient:116154003 Use:419385000 Lower:261122009 Therapeutic:262202000 Concept model range:609432006 | ||
| 132 | For patients with AF and prosthetic heart valves, the guideline developers recommend anticoagulation with an oral VKA, such as warfarin. | Patients:D010361 Heart Valves:D006351 Heart:D006321 Guideline:D016431 Warfarin:D014859 | Prosthetic heart:361158001 Oral:738956005 Oral:260548002 Warfarin:372756006 | ||
| 133 | In patients with stroke associated with aortic atherosclerotic lesions, the guideline developers recommend antiplatelet therapy over no therapy . For patients with cryptogenic stroke associated with mobile aortic arch thrombi, the guideline developers suggest either oral anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents . | Patients:D010361 Stroke:D020521 Guideline:D016431 therapy:Q000628 | Associated with:47429007 Aortic:261051005 Therapy:276239002 Oral:738956005 Oral:260548002 | ||
| 134 | For patients with symptom duration <6 hours, the guideline developers recommend the administration of alteplase or tenecteplase over streptokinase . | Patients:D010361 Guideline:D016431 Tissue Plasminogen Activator:D010959 Tenecteplase:D000077785 Streptokinase:D013300 | Duration:103335007 Duration:762636008 6 hours:123033000 Administration:416118004 Administration:413454004 Alteplase:387152000 Tenecteplase:387066007 Streptokinase:395889004 | ||
| 135 | For patients undergoing CABG who have no other indication for vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), the guideline developers suggest clinicians not administer VKAs . | Patients:D010361 Vitamin K:D014812 Vitamins:D014815 antagonists & inhibitors:Q000037 Guideline:D016431 | Indication for:410665000 Vitamin K:65183007 Vitamin:87708000 Administer:738990001 Administer:418283001 | Vitamin K:84597 | |
| 136 | In women with prosthetic heart valves at high risk, the guideline developers suggest the addition of low-dose aspirin, 75 to 162 mg/day. | Women:D014930 Heart Valves:D006351 Heart:D006321 Risk:D012306 Guideline:D016431 Aspirin:D001241 | Prosthetic heart:361158001 High risk:723509005 High:75540009 Low:62482003 Aspirin:387458008 mg/day:258835005 day:258703001 | ||
| 137 | Perform a renal ultrasound (or repeat the ultrasound if it was done prenatally). If the patient is found to have an abnormality of the urinary tract, continue monitoring for urinary tract infections and renal function. | Urinary Tract:D014551 Urinary Tract Infections:D014552 Infection:D007239 physiology:Q000502 | Repeat:27582007 Patient:116154003 Renal function:11953005 Function:246464006 Function:277064003 | ||
| 138 | The primary care clinician should instruct patients and caregivers on how to maintain oral hygiene. | Patients:D010361 Caregivers:D017028 Oral Hygiene:D009910 Hygiene:D006920 | Mouth care:717778001 Oral:738956005 Oral:260548002 | ||
| 139 | Routine post-vaccination antibody measurement is not recommended because of the generally high efficacy of the vaccine. | Vaccination:D014611 | Routine:50811001 After values:288563008 Antibody measurement:3527003 Antibody:68498002 Measurement:122869004 High:75540009 Vaccine:398827000 | Antibody:1011980 Antibody:1012036 | |
| 140 | Refer the patient for further evaluation for suspected infection, positive probe to bone, and radiographic changes demonstrating Charcot osteoarthropathy. | Infection:D007239 | Patient:116154003 Suspected:415684004 Positive:10828004 Probe:7402007 Radiographic:258106000 Disorder of skeletal system:88230002 | ||
| 141 | Begin planning for the transition to adulthood with the child and family as early as possible, but no later than 12 years of age. | Child:D002648 Family:D005190 | Adulthood:41847000 Child:67822003 Family:35359004 Early:264499004 Possible:371930009 Possible diagnosis:60022001 Age:397669002 | ||
| 142 | In patients who have a contraindication to the use of cisplatin or who experience serious toxicity from cisplatin and/or refuse treatment with cisplatin, the substitution of carboplatin for cisplatin in a taxane doublet regimen may be a reasonable treatment option. | Patients:D010361 Cisplatin:D002945 toxicity:Q000633 therapy:Q000628 Carboplatin:D016190 taxane:C080625 | Contraindication to:103306004 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Cisplatin:387318005 Carboplatin:386905002 MAY BE A:149016008 | ||
| 143 | Newborn screening systems should ensure parental and provider education and communication of screening results to primary-care providers in a manner that will ensure prompt referral to diagnostic centers. | Infant, Newborn:D007231 Education:D004493 education:Q000193 Communication:D003142 | Newborn:46068001 Newborn:133933007 Details of education:276031006 Education:409073007 Communication:263536004 Referral to:440379008 | ||
| 144 | The recommended interval between oral health reviews should be determined specifically for each patient and tailored to meet his or her needs, on the basis of an assessment of disease levels and risk of or from dental disease. | Oral Health:D009909 Health:D006262 Disease:D004194 Risk:D012306 | Interval:385673002 Oral:738956005 Oral:260548002 Health:263775005 Patient:116154003 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Disease:64572001 Levels:258395000 Risk of:30207005 Dental:738906000 | ||
| 145 | Acupuncture, benzydamine cream, dextromethorphan, indomethacin, epidural methylprednisolone, epidural morphine sulfate, iontophoresis of vincristine, lorazepam, vitamin E, and zimelidine are not of benefit. | Acupuncture:D026881 Benzydamine:D001591 Dextromethorphan:D003915 Indomethacin:D007213 Methylprednisolone:D008775 Morphine:D009020 Iontophoresis:D007478 Vincristine:D014750 Lorazepam:D008140 Vitamin E:D014810 Vitamins:D014815 | Acupuncture:44868003 Benzydamine:421319000 Cream:255621006 Cream:385099005 Dextromethorphan:387114001 Indomethacin:373513008 Methylprednisolone:116593003 Morphine sulfate:60886004 Morphine:373529000 Vincristine:387126006 Lorazepam:387106007 Vitamin E:37237003 Vitamin:87708000 Zimeldine:96201004 | Acupuncture, 1 or more needles; without electrical stimulation, initial 15 minutes of personal one-on-one contact with the patient:97810 Acupuncture, 1 or more needles; without electrical stimulation, each additional 15 minutes of personal one-on-one contact with the patient, with re-insertion of needle(s) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure):97811 | |
| 146 | Nurses should conduct a foot risk assessment for clients with known diabetes. This risk assessment includes the following:History of previous foot ulcersSensationStructural and biomechanical abnormalitiesCirculationSelf-care behaviour and knowledge | Nurses:D009726 Foot:D005528 Risk Assessment:D018570 Risk:D012306 Patients:D010361 History:D006664 history:Q000266 Knowledge:D019359 | Risk assessment:225338004 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Known:36692007 After:255234002 Following:255260001 History of:392521001 Previous:9130008 | ||
| 147 | Concern about increased new-onset diabetes among patients prescribed a thiazide-type diuretic with a beta-blocker means that this is not recommended as an initial combination for patients at raised risk of developing type II diabetes. | Patients:D010361 Risk:D012306 | Increased:35105006 New:7147002 Type:410656007 Diuretic:372695000 Beta:260989008 Beta:52095000 Initial:884001 Combined:89780004 Raised:260399008 Risk of:30207005 | ||
| 148 | EEG should be used to support the classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsy syndromes when there is clinical doubt. | Electroencephalography:D004569 classification:Q000145 Classification:D002965 Seizures:D012640 Epilepsy:D004827 | Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Classification:278201002 Epilepsy:84757009 Clinical:58147004 | ||
| 149 | Patients with persistent dysphagia should be reviewed regularly, at a frequency related to their individual swallowing function and dietary intake, by a professional skilled in the management of dysphagia. | Patients:D010361 physiology:Q000502 | Dysphagia:40739000 Frequency:260864003 Related:262094002 Individual:385435006 Function:246464006 Function:277064003 Dietary intake:364395008 | ||
| 150 | Patients with infected wounds require early and careful follow-up observation to ensure that the selected medical and surgical treatment regimens have been appropriate and effective . | Patients:D010361 Observation:D019370 therapy:Q000628 | Early:264499004 Follow-up status:308273005 Follow:421939007 Medical:74188005 Surgical:83578000 Effective:254648000 | ||
| 151 | The USPSTF makes no recommendation for or against screening for AAA in men aged 65 to 75 who have never smoked. | Men:D008571 Aged:D000368 | Never:444841000124107 | ||
| 152 | Non-occupational PEP should not be prescribed when there is negligible or low risk of HIV transmission . | Risk:D012306 HIV:D006678 transmission:Q000635 | Non-occupational:478006 Occupational:87923000 Negligible:86137003 Low risk:723505004 Low:62482003 Risk of:30207005 Transmission:258150004 | ||
| 153 | Ssubstance users who wish to stop using drugs should be referred to substance abuse treatment when indicated. | therapy:Q000628 | Stop:422117008 Substance abuse:66214007 Substance:261217004 Substance:105590001 Abuse:417928002 Victim of abuse:386702006 Indicated:410535002 | ||
| 154 | Sexual Assault Forensic Examiner (SAFE) who is trained to perform pediatric examinations should be included on the team whenever possible to assist in the medical examination, coordination of care, and discussions about treatment regimen. A rape crisis counselor and/or child advocacy team should be involved in all cases of sexual assault to assist the child and the family in dealing with the trauma and to assist with referrals. | therapy:Q000628 Rape:D011902 Counselors:D000072117 Child Advocacy:D002651 Child:D002648 Family:D005190 injuries:Q000293 | Sexual assault:422608009 Sexual assault:248110007 Assault:52684005 Possible:371930009 Possible diagnosis:60022001 Medical:74188005 Examination - action:302199004 Coordination:85352007 Crisis counselor:768826009 Crisis:32937002 Child:67822003 Advocacy:372038002 Involved:248448006 Case:398241000 Family:35359004 | ||
| 155 | Pediatricians and pediatric subspecialty providers should lead by example by taking and teaching basic life support training courses. | Pediatricians:D000072143 Lead:D007854 Teaching:D013663 Life:D019369 education:Q000193 | Lead:88488004 Basic life support:243179000 Life support procedure:78823007 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Functional training:118629009 Courses:288524001 | Lead:83655 | |
| 156 | There is insufficient evidence at this time to make a recommendation regarding the use of continuous epidural infusion vs. intermittent injection in trauma patients. | Time:D013995 Injections:D007267 injuries:Q000293 Patients:D010361 | Insufficient:423437008 Time:900000000000475002 Time:410669006 Time:410670007 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Continuous:255238004 Infusion:36576007 Intermittent:7087005 Injection:385218009 Injection:59108006 | Time:1022208 Time:1014977 | |
| 157 | Pizotifen and nimodipine and clonidine did not show efficacy and are not recommended. | Nimodipine:D009553 Clonidine:D003000 | Nimodipine:387502003 Clonidine:372805007 | ||
| 158 | Prednisone has been demonstrated to have a beneficial effect on muscle strength and function in boys with Duchenne dystrophy (DD) and should be offered (at a dose of 0.75 mg/kg/day) as treatment . | Prednisone:D011241 Muscle Strength:D053580 Muscles:D009132 physiology:Q000502 Men:D008571 therapy:Q000628 | Prednisone:116602009 Effect:253861007 Muscle structure:71616004 Function:246464006 Function:277064003 Dystrophy:4720007 Offered:410527000 0.75:732395006 mg/kg/day:419135004 mg/kg:396163008 kg/day:258831001 day:258703001 | ||
| 159 | Most women with one previous cesarean delivery with a low-transverse incision are candidates for vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC) and should be counseled about VBAC and offered a trial of labor. | Women:D014930 Vaginal Birth after Cesarean:D016064 Parturition:D036801 Trial of Labor:D014219 | Previous:9130008 Deliveries by cesarean:200144004 Low:62482003 Transverse incision:359667002 Transverse:62824007 Incision - attribute:277044008 Incision:34896006 Vaginal:738989005 Birth:3950001 Offered:410527000 Labor:289909005 | Cesarean delivery only:59514 | |
| 160 | Obtain a history and perform a physical examination to identify medical illnesses, medications, allergies, and anatomic features that may affect procedural sedation and analgesia and airway management.No routine diagnostic testing is required before procedural sedation. | History:D006664 history:Q000266 Physical Examination:D010808 Affect:D000339 Analgesia:D000698 Airway Management:D058109 | Physical examination:5880005 Physical:19388002 Examination - action:302199004 Medical:74188005 Anatomic:36298004 Affect:4065008 Sedation:72641008 No sensitivity to pain:38433004 Airway management:386509000 Routine:50811001 | Physical Examination:1014526 | |
| 161 | Open and closed techniques for LIS seem to yield similar results. | Open:434851000124108 Closed:29179001 | |||
| 162 | All youth entering a juvenile justice detention of correctional facility should be screened for mental or substance use disorders, suicide risk factors and behaviors, and other emotional or behavioral problems . | Social Justice:D012935 Suicide:D013405 Risk Factors:D012307 Risk:D012306 | Juvenile:59223006 Substance:261217004 Substance:105590001 Use:419385000 Suicide risk:3161000175102 Suicide:44301001 Emotional:408453002 | ||
| 163 | The CTFPHC concludes that there is insufficient evidence to recommend treatment of IGT with metformin or acarbose to reduce the incidence of diabetes progression . | therapy:Q000628 Metformin:D008687 Acarbose:D020909 Incidence:D015994 | Insufficient:423437008 Metformin:372567009 Acarbose:386965004 Progression:246450006 | ||
| 164 | Screening for or treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is not recommended for the following persons.Premenopausal, nonpregnant women Diabetic women Older persons living in the community Elderly, institutionalized subjects Persons with spinal cord injury | therapy:Q000628 Bacteriuria:D001437 Persons:D009272 Women:D014930 Aged:D000368 Spinal Cord:D013116 | Asymptomatic bacteriuria:720406004 Asymptomatic:84387000 Bacteriuria:61373006 After:255234002 Following:255260001 Community:133928008 Institutionalized:225800006 Spinal cord injury:90584004 Traumatic abnormality:19130008 Traumatic AND/OR non-traumatic injury:417163006 | ||
| 165 | Obtain a history of the client's incontinence. | History:D006664 history:Q000266 | History of:392521001 Incontinence:48340000 | ||
| 166 | Nurses develop screening strategies and initial responses that respond to the needs of all women, taking into account differences based on race, ethnicity, class, religious/spiritual beliefs, age, ability, or sexual orientation. | Nurses:D009726 Women:D014930 ethnology:Q000208 Culture:D003469 Orientation:D009949 | Initial:884001 Race:103579009 Class:277046005 Has religious belief:62458008 Age:397669002 Sexual orientation:66621004 Orientation:43173001 | ||
| 167 | Parents should take a strong stand against the use of performance-enhancing substances and, whenever possible, demand that coaches be educated about the adversehealth effects of performance-enhancing substances. | Parents:D010290 Performance-Enhancing Substances:D058573 | Strong:260404005 Stand:706479008 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Substance:105590001 Possible:371930009 Possible diagnosis:60022001 | ||
| 168 | In patients with poor liver function, TIPS is preferred to surgical therapy in the prevention of rebleeding in patients who have failed medical therapy. | Patients:D010361 Liver:D008099 physiology:Q000502 therapy:Q000628 | Liver function:79036002 Liver structure:10200004 Function:246464006 Function:277064003 Preferred:900000000000548007 Surgical:83578000 Therapy:276239002 Medical therapy:243121000 Medical:74188005 | ||
| 169 | Nurses could consider the use of hip protectors to reduce hip fractures among those clients considered at high risk of fractures associated with falls; however, there is no evidence to support universal use of hip protectors among the elderly in health care settings. | Nurses:D009726 Hip:D006615 Hip Fractures:D006620 Patients:D010361 Risk:D012306 Aged:D000368 Health:D006262 | Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 High risk of:15508007 High risk:723509005 High:75540009 Risk of:30207005 Associated with:47429007 Falls:161898004 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Universal:73548004 Health:263775005 | ||
| 170 | With high-risk patients, evaluate and discuss the pros and cons of changing to a power wheelchair system as a way to prevent repetitive injuries. | Risk:D012306 Patients:D010361 injuries:Q000293 | High:75540009 Changing:243326001 Wheelchair:58938008 System:246333005 System:733021006 | ||
| 171 | Erythropoietin is not recommended in situations where rapid (i.e., less than 4 weeks) recovery of hemoglobin is required. | Erythropoietin:D004921 Hemoglobins:D006454 | Erythropoietin:83042003 Rapid:255358001 Hemoglobin:38082009 | Erythropoietin:82668 Hemoglobin:1011483 | |
| 172 | Routine preoperative tests (i.e., tests intended to discover a disease or disorder in an asymptomatic patient) do not make an important contribution to the process of perioperative assessment and management of the patient by the anesthesiologist. | Disease:D004194 | Routine:50811001 Preoperative:262068006 Tests:272393004 Disease:64572001 Asymptomatic:84387000 Patient:116154003 Process:415178003 Process:719982003 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Anesthesiologist:88189002 | ||
| 173 | Nurses will change all add-on devices a minimum of every 72 hours. | Nurses:D009726 | Add:422106007 72 hours:123028004 | ||
| 174 | Hemorrhoidectomy should be reserved for patients refractory to office procedures or unable to tolerate office procedures, patients with large external hemorrhoids, or patients with combined internal and external hemorrhoids with significant prolapse. | Hemorrhoidectomy:D061865 Patients:D010361 Hemorrhoids:D006484 Prolapse:D011391 | Hemorrhoidectomy:24496007 Intractable:20646008 Office:257649000 Unable:371151008 Large:255509001 External hemorrhoids:23913003 External:261074009 Hemorrhoids:70153002 Combined:89780004 Internal:260521003 Significant:386134007 Prolapse:29696001 | Office:1021872 | |
| 175 | Women should be advised that pregnancies have been reported in COC users taking non-liver enzyme-inducing antibiotics, but the evidence does not generally support reduced COC efficacy and causation. | Women:D014930 Pregnancy:D011247 Liver:D008099 | Reported:733985002 Liver enzyme:259670004 Liver structure:10200004 Enzyme:90668006 Enzyme:734543001 Does not:717896003 Does:385640009 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Reduced:260400001 | ||
| 176 | Assessment of pain in children with juvenile FMS (JFMS) should be developmentally based and should include both child and parent components. Include pain history, behavioral observation, physiologic cues, and evaluation of comorbid mood disorders, psychosocial distress, and functional status, including school attendance, for a comprehensive assessment. | Pain:D010146 Child:D002648 History:D006664 history:Q000266 Observation:D019370 Cues:D003463 Mood Disorders:D019964 Affect:D000339 | Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Pain:22253000 Juvenile:59223006 Child:67822003 Parent:40683002 Physiologic:1360005 Mood:85256008 Distress:69328002 Functional:40143009 Status:263490005 Including:55919000 School attendance:228134009 School:257698009 | School:1021865 | |
| 177 | Public and private insurers should be responsible for payment of costs of MCV4, its administration to adolescents for whom MCV4 is recommended, and administrative costs involved in providing vaccines to high-risk people. | Vaccines:D014612 Risk:D012306 | Administration:416118004 Administration:413454004 Involved:248448006 High:75540009 | ||
| 178 | Timed voiding/scheduled toileting is recommended throughout the whole day for patient who needs assistance in toileting. | Timed:59974008 Scheduled - priority:416774000 Scheduled - procedure status:416151008 Toileting:129004006 day:258703001 Patient:116154003 | |||
| 179 | Review assessment data together with the woman and identify the outcomes important to the woman and amenable to nursing intervention. | Review:D016454 nursing:Q000451 Nursing:D009729 | Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Woman:224526002 Nursing:722165004 | ||
| 180 | Women should be informed that the failure rate of the LNG-IUS is similar to that of modern intrauterine devices (IUDs) . | Women:D014930 Intrauterine Devices:D007434 | Failure:76797004 Intrauterine:738945005 Intrauterine:398236008 | ||
| 181 | Liver transplantation for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors should be confined to highly selected patients who are not candidates for surgical resection in whom symptoms have persisted despite optimal medical therapy. | Liver Transplantation:D016031 Liver:D008099 transplantation:Q000637 Transplantation:D014180 secondary:Q000556 Neuroendocrine Tumors:D018358 Patients:D010361 therapy:Q000628 | Liver structure:10200004 Transplantation:77465005 Surgical:83578000 Medical therapy:243121000 Medical:74188005 Therapy:276239002 | ||
| 182 | If a qualified provider does not meet with the patient at the time of the initial evaluation, the provider must see the patient sometime between presentation and closure. | Time:D013995 | Does not:717896003 Does:385640009 Patient:116154003 Time:900000000000475002 Time:410669006 Time:410670007 Initial:884001 Presentation:246105001 Closure:112695004 | Time:1022208 Time:1014977 | |
| 183 | There are no current recommendations for tai chi related to insufficient evidence supporting its use.nying the rhythmical movements. | Movement:D009068 | Current:15240007 Chi:421050008 Related:262094002 Insufficient:423437008 Use:419385000 | ||
| 184 | Clinicians should repeat CD4 or viral load results that are inconsistent with the clinical presentation before management decisions are made. | Viral Load:D019562 | Repeat:27582007 Viral load:395058002 Inconsistent:260380004 Clinical:58147004 Presentation:246105001 | ||
| 185 | Either primidone or propranolol may be used as initial therapy to treat limb tremor in ET. | Primidone:D011324 Propranolol:D011433 therapy:Q000628 Tremor:D014202 | Primidone:387256009 Propranolol:372772003 Initial:884001 Therapy:276239002 Tremor:26079004 | Primidone:80188 | |
| 186 | Help ensure that all adolescents have knowledge of and access to contraception including barrier methods and emergency contraception supplies. | Knowledge:D019359 Contraception:D003267 Methods:D008722 methods:Q000379 Emergencies:D004630 | Access:260507000 Contraception:13197004 Including:55919000 Emergency contraception:275813002 Emergency:25876001 Supplies:425398004 | ||
| 187 | Antibiotics are an unnecessary addition to routine incision and drainage of uncomplicated perianal abscesses. | Drainage:D004322 Abscess:D000038 | Routine:50811001 Incision AND drainage:56783008 Incision - attribute:277044008 Incision:34896006 Discharge:75823008 Uncomplicated:263914008 Perianal:264133008 | ||
| 188 | Organizations should develop a plan for implementation that includes:An assessment of organizational readiness and barriers to education.Involvement of all members (whether in a direct or indirect supportive function) who will contribute to the implementation process.Ongoing opportunities for discussion and education to reinforce the importance of best practices.Dedication of a qualified individual to provide the support needed for the education and implementation process. | Organizations:D009938 Education:D004493 education:Q000193 physiology:Q000502 | Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Readiness:406205008 Details of education:276031006 Education:409073007 Involvement:278112009 Direct:255589003 Indirect:255541007 Function:246464006 Function:277064003 Process:415178003 Process:719982003 Discussion:223482009 Individual:385435006 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Needed:410525008 | ||
| 189 | When assessing adherence, clinicians should use precise language that the patient can understand. In addition, clinicians should verify that patients are taking the medications as prescribed, specifically, correct medications, correct number of pills per dose, and correct number of doses per day. | Language:D007802 Patients:D010361 | Use:419385000 Language:61909002 Patient:116154003 Number:410680006 Number:260299005 day:258703001 | ||
| 190 | For patients undergoing elective total hip replacement (THR), the guideline developers recommend the routine use of one of the following three anticoagulants: (1) LMWH (at a usual high-risk dose, started 12 hours before surgery or 12 to 24 hours after surgery, or 4 to 6 hours after surgery at half the usual high-risk dose and then increasing to the usual high-risk dose the following day); (2) fondaparinux (2.5 mg started 6 to 8 hours after surgery); or (3) adjusted-dose vitamin K antagonist (VKA) started preoperatively or the evening after surgery (international normalized ratio [INR] target, 2.5; INR range, 2.0 to 3.0) . | Patients:D010361 Hip:D006615 Guideline:D016431 Anticoagulants:D000925 Risk:D012306 surgery:Q000601 Fondaparinux:D000077425 Vitamin K:D014812 Vitamins:D014815 International Normalized Ratio:D019934 | Elective:103390000 Total:255619001 Prosthetic arthroplasty of the hip:397956004 Replacement - action:282089006 Reimplantation:3137001 Replacement procedure:373188003 Routine:50811001 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 After:255234002 Following:255260001 High:75540009 Started:385652002 12 hours:123035007 Preoperative:262068006 Surgery:257556004 24 hours:123027009 6 hours:123033000 Increasing:260369004 day:258703001 Fondaparinux:708189008 2.5:732576003 8 hours:123034006 Vitamin K:65183007 Vitamin:87708000 Evening:3157002 International normalized ratio:165581004 International normalized ratio:1951000175101 Ratio:118586006 Concept model range:609432006 | Surgery:1003143 Vitamin K:84597 | |
| 191 | In women with pathological stage III tumours, bone scanning, liver ultrasonography, and chest radiography are recommended postoperatively as part of baseline staging. | Women:D014930 Liver:D008099 Ultrasonography:D014463 Thorax:D013909 Radiography:D011859 | Stage:258214002 III:257471003 Liver structure:10200004 Ultrasonography:16310003 Thoracic structure:51185008 | ||
| 192 | If docetaxel and capecitabine are used in combination, the recommended starting dose for most patients is 950 mg/m2 twice daily of capecitabine (75% of full dose) on days 1 to 14 plus docetaxel 75 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. | Docetaxel:D000077143 Capecitabine:D000069287 Patients:D010361 | Docetaxel:386918005 Capecitabine:386906001 Combined:89780004 950:769313005 Mg/m2:396174004 Twice a day:229799001 Twice:421832002 Daily:69620002 day:258703001 | ||
| 193 | The review of raw data and the use of manual scoring for interpreting data from PM devices are recommended. | Review:D016454 | Review of:55210009 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Manual:87982008 | ||
| 194 | Although published studies have evaluated yearly screening in conjunction with mammography, clinical breast examination, and in some cases, ultrasonography, the appropriate screening interval for MRIB is not yet determined. | Mammography:D008327 Breast:D001940 Ultrasonography:D014463 | Mammography:71651007 Clinical:58147004 Examination - action:302199004 Case:398241000 Ultrasonography:16310003 Interval:385673002 | ||
| 195 | It is recommended that the child with OME who is at risk for developmental difficulties be aggressively managed as appropriate to his/her condition. | Child:D002648 Risk:D012306 | Child:67822003 At risk:410519009 Developmental:278923009 Condition:260905004 | ||
| 196 | Narcotic use must be carefully titrated and supervised. | Use:419385000 | |||
| 197 | GH treatment is indicated in children with documented GHD for correction of hypoglycemia and for induction of normal statural growth. | therapy:Q000628 Child:D002648 Hypoglycemia:D007003 Growth:D006128 | Indicated:410535002 Documented:397934002 Hypoglycemia:302866003 Normal:17621005 | ||
| 198 | In patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer, the addition of thoracic radiotherapy to standard combination chemotherapy improves both local control and overall survival and should be incorporated into a comprehensive treatment plan of combined modality therapy for limited-stage small cell lung cancer. | Patients:D010361 Cells:D002477 Lung:D008168 radiotherapy:Q000532 Radiotherapy:D011878 drug therapy:Q000188 Overall:D016424 Survival:D013534 mortality:Q000401 therapy:Q000628 Combined Modality Therapy:D003131 | Limited:255469002 Limited:900000000000486000 Stage:258214002 Small:255507004 Lung structure:39607008 Thoracic:261179002 Radiation oncology AND/OR radiotherapy:108290001 Combined:89780004 Chemotherapy:367336001 Local:255470001 Control:246106000 Therapy:276239002 | ||
| 199 | If CIN is identified at the margins of a diagnostic excisional procedure or in a postprocedure endocervical sampling, it is preferred that the 4- to 6-month follow-up visit include a colposcopic examination and an endocervical sampling . | Identified:7882003 Procedure:71388002 Endocervical:738908004 Sampling - action:257915005 Preferred:900000000000548007 month:258706009 Follow-up visit:185389009 Follow-up status:308273005 Follow:421939007 Examination - action:302199004 | |||
| 200 | As an alternative to conventional cervical cytology smears, cervical screening may be performed every two years using liquid-based cytology; at or after age 30, women who have had three consecutive, technically satisfactory normal/negative cytology results may be screened every two to three years (unless they have a history of in utero DES exposure, are HIV+, or are immunocompromised). | cytology:Q000166 Women:D014930 History:D006664 history:Q000266 HIV:D006678 | Conventional:255333006 Cervical:261064006 Cytology:702666009 Performed:398166005 Liquid:264312008 Liquid substance:33463005 Liquid:736679003 Age:397669002 Normal:17621005 Negative:260385009 History of:392521001 | ||
| 201 | In choosing the components for a clinically relevant vaccine, the physician should be familiar with local and regional aerobiology and indoor and outdoor allergens, paying special attention to potential allergens in the patient's own environment. | Physicians:D010820 Allergens:D000485 Attention:D001288 Environment:D004777 | Vaccine:398827000 Physician:309343006 Local:255470001 Regional:410674003 Special:67995009 Attention:6769007 Patient:116154003 Environment:276339004 | ||
| 202 | Stage Ib1 should be distinguished from stage Ib2 carcinoma of the cervix because the distinction predicts nodal involvement and overall survival and may, therefore, affect treatment and outcome. | Carcinoma:D002277 Cervix Uteri:D002584 Overall:D016424 Survival:D013534 mortality:Q000401 Affect:D000339 therapy:Q000628 | Stage:258214002 Carcinoma:68453008 Malignant epithelial neoplasm:722688002 Nodal:263820005 Involvement:278112009 Affect:4065008 | ||
| 203 | All adults and adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) should be evaluated for dyslipidemias. | Adult:D000328 Kidney:D007668 Disease:D004194 Dyslipidemias:D050171 | Chronic kidney disease:709044004 Chronic:90734009 Kidney disease:90708001 Kidney structure:64033007 Disease:64572001 | ||
| 204 | Combination oxaliplatin, short-term infusional 5-fluorouracil (5FU), and folinic acid (FA) (FOLFOX) is an important component of therapy and oxaliplatin should be made available for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. | Oxaliplatin:D000077150 Fluorouracil:D005472 therapy:Q000628 | Combined:89780004 Oxaliplatin:395814003 Short:367450005 Fluorouracil:387172005 Folinic acid:396065004 Acid:34957004 Component:246093002 Therapy:276239002 Advanced:86005002 Malignant neoplasm of colon and/or rectum:781382000 Colorectal:264267007 | ||
| 205 | This guidance applies to the use of the aromatase inhibitors anastrozole, exemestane, and letrozole, within the marketing authorisations for each drug at the time of this appraisal, for the treatment of early oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer; that is:Anastrozole for primary adjuvant therapyExemestane for adjuvant therapy following 2?3 years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapyLetrozole for primary adjuvant therapy and extended adjuvant therapy following standard tamoxifen therapy. | Aromatase Inhibitors:D047072 Aromatase:D001141 Anastrozole:D000077384 exemestane:C056516 Letrozole:D000077289 Marketing:D040541 Time:D013995 therapy:Q000628 Breast:D001940 Tamoxifen:D013629 | Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Anastrozole:386910003 Exemestane:387017005 Letrozole:386911004 Time:900000000000475002 Time:410669006 Time:410670007 Early:264499004 Receptor:116647005 Positive:10828004 Therapy:276239002 After:255234002 Following:255260001 Tamoxifen:373345002 Extended:288467006 Tamoxifen therapy:724161009 | Time:1022208 Time:1014977 | |
| 206 | Laparoscopic (including laparoscopically assisted) resection is recommended as an alternative to open resection for individuals with colorectal cancer in whom both laparoscopic and open surgery are considered suitable. | surgery:Q000601 | Including:55919000 Assisted:371152001 Open:434851000124108 Malignant neoplasm of colon and/or rectum:781382000 Colorectal:264267007 Surgery:257556004 | Surgery:1003143 | |
| 207 | Antipsychotics should be used to treat agitation or psychosis in patients with dementia where environmental manipulation fails (Standard). Atypical agents may be better tolerated compared with traditional agents . | Patients:D010361 Dementia:D003704 | Dementia:52448006 Manipulation:19207007 Atypical:112231000 Better:3442003 Traditional:263901007 | ||
| 208 | Patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria who are at risk for urologic disease or primary renal disease should undergo an appropriate evaluation.In patients at low risk for disease, some components of the evaluation may be deferred . | Patients:D010361 Hematuria:D006417 Risk:D012306 Disease:D004194 | Asymptomatic:84387000 Microscopic hematuria:197940006 Microscopic:84496004 Blood in urine:34436003 At risk:410519009 Urologic:77926000 Disease:64572001 Low risk:723505004 Low:62482003 | ||
| 209 | For patients with Parkinson's disease in whom levodopa treatment is being instituted, either an immediate-release or sustained-release preparation may be considered. | Patients:D010361 Disease:D004194 Levodopa:D007980 therapy:Q000628 | Parkinson's disease:49049000 Disease:64572001 Levodopa:387086006 Immediate:88694003 Release:115956009 Sustained:263892007 | ||
| 210 | Treat or Prevent All Comorbid Conditions. | Co-morbid conditions:398192003 | |||
| 211 | Corticosteroids are not recommended for the treatment of patients with GBS . | therapy:Q000628 Patients:D010361 | |||
| 212 | There is insufficient evidence to support a role for IV bisphosphonates as an adjunctive therapy to radiation therapy in women with pain caused by metastatic bone disease when systemic chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy is not being used. The role of bisphosphonates vis-a-vis radiation therapy as the sole therapy in this setting has not been determined. In women already being treated with local radiotherapy who have persistent or recurrent pain, bisphosphonates are an attractive but little-studied salvage therapy. | Role:D012380 Diphosphonates:D004164 therapy:Q000628 Radiation:D011827 Women:D014930 Pain:D010146 secondary:Q000556 Bone Diseases:D001847 Disease:D004194 drug therapy:Q000188 radiotherapy:Q000532 Radiotherapy:D011878 Salvage Therapy:D016879 | Insufficient:423437008 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Role:766940004 Therapy:276239002 Radiation:82107009 Pain:22253000 Disorder of bone:76069003 Disease:64572001 Systemic:31099001 Chemotherapy:367336001 Hormonal:278994005 Treated with:28995006 Local:255470001 Radiation oncology AND/OR radiotherapy:108290001 Recurrent:255227004 Salvage procedure:257950002 | ||
| 213 | CC treatment should be monitored (basal body temperature [BBT], serum progesterone concentration, urinary luteinizing hormone [LH] excretion) to ensure its effectiveness in ovulation induction. | therapy:Q000628 Body Temperature:D001831 Temperature:D013696 Serum:D044967 Progesterone:D011374 Luteinizing Hormone:D007986 Hormones:D006728 Ovulation Induction:D010062 Ovulation:D010060 | Basal body temperature:300076005 Basal:57195005 Body temperature:386725007 Temperature:703421000 Temperature:246508008 Temperature:722490005 Serum:67922002 Progesterone:16683002 Concentration:82742001 Concentration:702942001 Hormone:87568004 Hormone:734617007 Excretory process:718500008 Excretory function:63911002 Effectiveness:255403003 Ovulation induction:61285001 Ovulation:34008004 | Progesterone:84144 | |
| 214 | The evidence supports the use of dexrazoxane to protect against the cardiotoxicity associated with conventional-dose epirubicin in patients with advanced but anthracycline-sensitive cancer, in whom the continued use of anthracycline-containing chemotherapy is indicated in the opinion of the treating physician. There are no data indicating the optimal cumulative dose of epirubicin at which dexrazoxane should be instituted. For doxorubicin, use of dexrazoxane is recommended after the cumulative dose reaches 300 mg/m2 (i.e., 55% of the recommended maximum). A similar formula could be used for epirubicin; that is, institution of dexrazoxane when the cumulative dose of epirubicin reaches 550 mg/m2, as the recommended maximum cumulative dose in Canada is 1,000 mg/m2. | Dexrazoxane:D064730 Cardiotoxicity:D066126 Epirubicin:D015251 Patients:D010361 drug therapy:Q000188 Physicians:D010820 Doxorubicin:D004317 Canada:D002170 | Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Dexrazoxane:108825009 Associated with:47429007 Conventional:255333006 Epirubicin:417916005 Advanced:86005002 Anthracycline:372540003 Sensitive:83185005 Containing:42504009 Chemotherapy:367336001 Indicated:410535002 Physician:309343006 Doxorubicin:372817009 Does reach:282679008 300:725125005 Mg/m2:396174004 Institution:385437003 550:732792006 Canada:223686002 | ||
| 215 | Consider aspirin therapy (75 to 162 mg) in intermediate-risk women as long as blood pressure is controlled and benefit is likely to outweigh risk of gastrointestinal side effects. | Aspirin:D001241 therapy:Q000628 Risk:D012306 Women:D014930 Blood Pressure:D001794 blood:Q000097 Blood:D001769 Pressure:D011312 adverse effects:Q000009 | Aspirin therapy:717854002 Aspirin:387458008 Therapy:276239002 Intermediate:11896004 Long:255511005 Blood pressure:75367002 Blood:87612001 Pressure:722243006 Pressure:13543005 Controlled:31509003 Risk of:30207005 | ||
| 216 | Either open or laparoscopic adrenalectomy is an acceptable procedure for resection of an adrenal mass. | Adrenalectomy:D000315 | Open:434851000124108 Laparoscopic adrenalectomy:42843004 Adrenalectomy:31904001 Acceptable:900000000000549004 Procedure:71388002 Adrenal mass:237783006 Mass:118538004 Mass:4147007 | ||
| 217 | Natural is not an assurance of safety or efficacy. | Safety:D012449 | Natural:510009 | ||
| 218 | Postoperative whole brain radiotherapy should be considered to reduce the risk of tumour recurrence for patients who have undergone resection of a single brain metastasis. | Brain:D001921 radiotherapy:Q000532 Radiotherapy:D011878 Risk:D012306 Recurrence:D012008 Patients:D010361 Neoplasm Metastasis:D009362 | Postoperative period:262061000 Brain structure:12738006 Radiation oncology AND/OR radiotherapy:108290001 Risk of:30207005 Neoplasm:108369006 Recurrence:246455001 Single person:125681006 | ||
| 219 | It is recommended, when 2 or more stimulants have been tried without success, that 2nd tier medications be considered by clinicians if they are familiar with their use . | Use:419385000 | |||
| 220 | Evaluation of education programs should be considered in order to evaluate the effectiveness of prenatal breastfeeding classes. | Education:D004493 education:Q000193 Programs:D019542 | Details of education:276031006 Education:409073007 Order document:721963009 Effectiveness:255403003 Breastfeeding (infant):413711008 Breastfeeding (mother):413712001 Classes:258391009 | ||
| 221 | Lifestyle Modification:Current physical activity contributes to weight loss, reduces cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension and diabetes mellitus) and the risk for coronary heart disease, increases cardiorespiratory fitness independent of weight loss, and decreases body and abdominal fat. | Weight Loss:D015431 Risk Factors:D012307 Risk:D012306 Hypertension:D006973 Diabetes Mellitus:D003920 Heart:D006321 Disease:D004194 Cardiorespiratory Fitness:D000072599 Abdominal Fat:D050153 | Lifestyle:134436002 Current:15240007 Physical activity:68130003 Physical:19388002 Activity:257733005 Weight loss:89362005 Weight:726527001 Diabetes mellitus:73211009 Heart disease:56265001 Disease:64572001 Independent of:58091002 Independent:371153006 Abdominal:277112006 Fat:256674009 | ||
| 222 | Treatments for Different Types of Anxiety Disorders :Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is the psychotherapy of choice for panic disorder. Possible treatment components for panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, arePsychoeducation :Exposure to symptoms or situationsCognitive restructuringBreathing retrainingContinuous panic monitoring | Therapeutics:D013812 Anxiety Disorders:D001008 Anxiety:D001007 therapy:Q000628 Psychotherapy:D011613 Panic Disorder:D016584 Panic:D010200 Agoraphobia:D000379 | Types:261664005 Anxiety:48694002 Therapy:276239002 Psychotherapy:75516001 Panic disorder:371631005 Panic:79823003 Disease:64572001 Possible:371930009 Possible diagnosis:60022001 Agoraphobia:70691001 Exposure to:24932003 | ||
| 223 | Analgesia/symptomatic treatment:Recognize that a number of morbidities commonly seen in homeless patients, including untreated dental problems, hepatitis, and traumatic injuries, can result in chronic pain. It is important to remember that some drugs, such as methadone and other narcotics, can increase or decrease the effects of pain medications. Work with the patient to understand the underlying cause of pain. Prescribe appropriate pain medication and document why you prescribed it. To avoid overmedicating or contributing to drug-seeking behavior, specify the plan of care in a written contract with the patient, designating a single provider for pain prescription refills. Consider providing a cough suppressant or analgesia for a childâ??s acute ear infection, if not detrimental, to allow the child to sleep. A crying child will disrupt other shelter residents, which could place the family at risk for eviction. | Analgesia:D000698 therapy:Q000628 Morbidity:D009017 Patients:D010361 Hepatitis:D006505 injuries:Q000293 Chronic Pain:D059350 Pain:D010146 Methadone:D008691 Narcotics:D009294 Work:D014937 Drug-Seeking Behavior:D058999 Behavior:D001519 Contracts:D032982 Cough:D003371 Child:D002648 Ear:D004423 Infection:D007239 Sleep:D012890 Crying:D003448 Family:D005190 Risk:D012306 | No sensitivity to pain:38433004 Symptomatic:264931009 Number:410680006 Number:260299005 Homeless:32911000 Including:55919000 Dental:738906000 Traumatic:263904004 Result:394617004 Chronic pain:82423001 Chronic:90734009 Pain:22253000 Methadone:387286002 Increase:260366006 Decrease:260370003 Patient:116154003 Single person:125681006 Prescription:16076005 Prescription:260885003 Cough:49727002 Child:67822003 Infection of ear:129127001 Sleep:258158006 Crying:28263002 Crying:304534000 Place:257557008 Place:246297005 Place:421066005 Family:35359004 At risk:410519009 | Methadone:80358 | |
| 224 | Women with uncomplicated (extended or flexed leg) breech presentation at term should be offered a caesarean after full discussion of the risks and benefits. | Women:D014930 Leg:D007866 Breech Presentation:D001946 Risk:D012306 | Uncomplicated:263914008 Extended:288467006 Breech presentation:6096002 Presentation:246105001 Offered:410527000 Discussion:223482009 | ||
| 225 | Pelvic floor muscle exercise treatment should be considered for patients following radical prostate surgery. | Pelvic Floor:D017773 Muscles:D009132 Exercise:D015444 therapy:Q000628 Patients:D010361 Prostate:D011467 surgery:Q000601 | Pelvic floor structure:87770006 Pelvic:277113001 Walking surface of room:709280007 Muscle structure:71616004 Exercise:256235009 After:255234002 Following:255260001 Radical:255612005 Radical:32948009 Prostatic structure:41216001 Surgery:257556004 | Surgery:1003143 | |
| 226 | Patients should be offered an urgent referral to a member of the lung cancer MDT, usually the chest physician, while awaiting the result of a chest X-ray, if any of the following are present:persistent haemoptysis in smokers/ex-smokers over 40 years of age.signs of superior vena caval obstruction (swelling of the face/neck with fixed elevation of jugular venous pressure)stridor.Emergency referral should be considered for patients with superior vena cava obstruction or stridor. | Patients:D010361 Lung:D008168 Thorax:D013909 Physicians:D010820 Smokers:D000074285 Ex-Smokers:D000078822 Face:D005145 Neck:D009333 Venous Pressure:D014690 Pressure:D011312 Emergencies:D004630 | Offered:410527000 Urgent referral:134403003 Urgent:103391001 Referral to:440379008 Member of:394852005 Lung structure:39607008 Chest physician:309345004 Thoracic structure:51185008 Physician:309343006 Result:394617004 X-ray:52250000 After:255234002 Following:255260001 Present:52101004 Hemoptysis:66857006 Age:397669002 Superior:264217000 Obstruction:26036001 Swelling:442672001 Swelling:65124004 Face structure:89545001 Fixed:261010008 Elevation:103720008 Elevation - value:255456001 Jugular venous pressure:37476000 Venous pressure:252076005 Venous:263925004 Pressure:722243006 Pressure:13543005 Stridor:70407001 Emergency:25876001 Vena caval structure:35532006 | ||
| 227 | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency predisposes to haematological side effects and should be excluded in predisposed races. The side-effect profile of dapsone and sulphonamides is potentially hazardous in the elderly. These treatments should be considered only if other treatments are ineffective or contraindicated . | Glucose-6-Phosphate:D019298 Glucose:D005947 Oxidoreductases:D010088 deficiency:Q000172 adverse effects:Q000009 Dapsone:D003622 Aged:D000368 Therapeutics:D013812 | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase:9024005 Glucose-6-phosphate:10796004 Glucose:67079006 Phosphate:259296007 Dehydrogenase:736206000 Dehydrogenase:129919009 Deficiency:246199000 Effect:253861007 Dapsone:387096002 Contraindicated:410536001 | Glucose:1011445 | |
| 228 | Chlorambucil could be considered as an adjuvant drug if more established options cannot be used but there are limited data to support its use. | Chlorambucil:D002699 | Chlorambucil:387249003 Established:263748003 Limited:255469002 Limited:900000000000486000 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Use:419385000 | ||
| 229 | Administration of low doses of dopamine to maintain renal function is not recommended. | Dopamine:D004298 physiology:Q000502 | Administration:416118004 Administration:413454004 Low:62482003 Dopamine:412383006 Renal function:11953005 Function:246464006 Function:277064003 | ||
| 230 | Clinicians should use evidence-based interventions to promote smoking cessation in human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. | Smoking Cessation:D016540 Smoking:D012907 HIV:D006678 Patients:D010361 | Use:419385000 Virus:49872002 | ||
| 231 | Women with one previous cesarean delivery with a low transverse incision are candidates for and should be offered a trial of labor (TOL). | Women:D014930 Trial of Labor:D014219 | Previous:9130008 Deliveries by cesarean:200144004 Low:62482003 Transverse incision:359667002 Transverse:62824007 Incision - attribute:277044008 Incision:34896006 Offered:410527000 Labor:289909005 | Cesarean delivery only:59514 | |
| 232 | Confirm that the infant has a scheduled appointment with a primary care provider or health worker within five to seven days after birth.Schedule additional visits as needed until a consistent weight gain pattern has been established (III).Identify breastfeeding support resources within the community such as:International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs)Community health workers and home visitors trained to provide breastfeeding supportBreastfeeding clinic staffHealth department staff | Infant:D007223 Health:D006262 Parturition:D036801 Appointments and Schedules:D001071 Weight Gain:D015430 Lactation:D007774 Consultants:D003253 Community Health Workers:D003150 | Confirmatory technique:703690001 Infant:133931009 Scheduled - priority:416774000 Scheduled - procedure status:416151008 Primary care provider:453231000124104 Health:263775005 Worker:106541005 7:65607009 Birth:3950001 Needed:410525008 Weight gain:8943002 Weight:726527001 Pattern:255711007 Established:263748003 III:257471003 Breastfeeding support:408883002 Breastfeeding (infant):413711008 Breastfeeding (mother):413712001 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Community:133928008 Lactation:63158009 Home:264362003 Clinic:257585005 | Home:1021873 | |
| 233 | Women may be advised that the use of a single course of antenatal corticosteroids does not appear to be associated with any significant maternal or fetal adverse effects. | Women:D014930 adverse effects:Q000009 | Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Single person:125681006 Antenatal:263675000 Does not:717896003 Does:385640009 Associated with:47429007 Significant:386134007 | ||
| 234 | All products of conception obtained after evacuation (medical or surgical) should undergo histological examination. Products of conception from therapeutic terminations of pregnancy should be examined if there is no evidence of fetal tissue.In view of the difficulty in making a diagnosis of a molar pregnancy before evacuation, the histological assessment of material obtained from the medical or surgical management of incomplete miscarriage is recommended in order to exclude trophoblastic neoplasia. Ploidy status may help in distinguishing partial from complete moles. Because persistent trophoblastic neoplasia may develop after any pregnancy, it is recommended that all products of conception obtained after repeat evacuation should undergo histological examination. | Pregnancy:D011247 Tissues:D014024 Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 Molar:D008963 Ploidies:D011003 Moles:D008971 | Conception:13693004 Obtained:398092000 Evacuation procedure:122461007 Medical:74188005 Surgical:83578000 Examination - action:302199004 Therapeutic:262202000 Pregnancy:289908002 No evidence of:41647002 Evidence of:18669006 View:246516004 Difficulty:371157007 Diagnosis:439401001 Molar pregnancy:44782008 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Material:260769002 Material:276731003 Incomplete miscarriage:156072005 Incomplete:255599008 Miscarriage:17369002 Order document:721963009 Exclude:77765009 Ploidy:88183001 Status:263490005 Partial:255609007 Complete:255594003 Repeat:27582007 | ||
| 235 | Oligo- and amenorrhoeic women with PCOS may develop endometrial hyperplasia and later carcinoma. It is good practice to recommend treatment with progestogens to induce a withdrawal bleed at least every three to four months. | Women:D014930 Endometrial Hyperplasia:D004714 Hyperplasia:D006965 Carcinoma:D002277 therapy:Q000628 | Endometrial hyperplasia:237072009 Hyperplasia:76197007 Carcinoma:68453008 Malignant epithelial neoplasm:722688002 Good:20572008 month:258706009 | ||
| 236 | In all couples with a history of recurrent miscarriage cytogenetic analysis of the products of conception should be performed if the next pregnancy fails. | History:D006664 history:Q000266 Cytogenetic Analysis:D020732 Cytogenetics:D003582 analysis:Q000032 Pregnancy:D011247 | History of:392521001 Recurrent miscarriage:102878001 Recurrent:255227004 Miscarriage:17369002 Analysis:272389005 Conception:13693004 Performed:398166005 Pregnancy:289908002 | ||
| 237 | Ambulance transportation is recommended for patients who are referred to emergency departments because of the potential for life-threatening complications of beta-blocker overdose.Provide usual supportive care en route to the hospital, including intravenous fluids for hypotension. | Transportation:D014186 Patients:D010361 Emergencies:D004630 Life:D019369 complications:Q000150 Hospitals:D006761 Hypotension:D007022 | Ambulance:49122002 Emergency:25876001 Overdose of beta-adrenergic blocking drug:296335002 Beta:260989008 Beta:52095000 Hospital:22232009 Including:55919000 Intravenous:255560000 | ||
| 238 | Decontamination of dermal exposures should include routine cleansing with mild soap and water. Removal of contact lenses and immediate irrigation with room temperature tap water is recommended for ocular exposures. All patients with symptoms of eye injury should be referred for an ophthalmologic exam . | Decontamination:D003666 Water:D014867 Contact Lenses:D003261 Lenses:D007909 Temperature:D013696 Patients:D010361 Eye Injuries:D005131 Eye:D005123 | Decontamination:409530006 Routine:50811001 Mild:255604002 Soap:25780000 Water:11713004 Removal:118292001 Contact lenses:57368009 Immediate:88694003 Irrigation:67889009 Temperature:703421000 Temperature:246508008 Temperature:722490005 Tap water:444923006 Centesis:86088003 Ocular:738952007 Traumatic abnormality:19130008 Traumatic AND/OR non-traumatic injury:417163006 Ophthalmologic:239005 | ||
| 239 | Patients 6 years of age or older should be referred to an emergency department if they have ingested at least 10 g or 200 mg/kg (whichever is lower) or when the amount ingested is unknown . | Patients:D010361 Emergencies:D004630 | Age:397669002 Emergency:25876001 200:725123003 mg/kg:396163008 Lower:261122009 Unknown:261665006 | ||
| 240 | Testosterone transdermal patches and topical gels or creams may be preferred over oral products based on their avoidance of first-pass hepatic effects documented with oral formulations.However, only oral and intramuscular (IM) testosterone products for women are currently government-approved. | Testosterone:D013739 Gels:D005782 Women:D014930 Government:D006076 | Testosterone:43688007 Transdermal:738987007 Topical:359540000 Preferred:900000000000548007 Oral:738956005 Oral:260548002 Documented:397934002 Intramuscular:255559005 Approved:9571008 | Testosterone:1011699 | |
| 241 | For clinicians considering a laboratory blood test to diagnose epileptic seizures (ES)The utility of serum PRL assay has not been established in the evaluation of status epilepticus, repetitive seizures, or neonatal seizures. | Laboratories:D007753 blood:Q000097 Blood:D001769 Seizures:D012640 Serum:D044967 Status Epilepticus:D013226 | Laboratory:261904005 Blood test:396550006 Blood:87612001 Serum:67922002 Assay technique:272392009 Established:263748003 Status epilepticus:230456007 Status:263490005 Neonatal:255407002 | ||
| 242 | To enable patients to choose between open and laparoscopic surgery (either by the transabdominal preperitoneal [TAPP] or by the totally extraperitoneal [TEP] procedure), they should be fully informed of all of the risks. | Patients:D010361 surgery:Q000601 tetra-4-amidinophenoxypropane:C034807 Risk:D012306 | Open:434851000124108 Surgery:257556004 Extraperitoneal:260641002 Procedure:71388002 | Surgery:1003143 | |
| 243 | Mycophenolate mofetil is recommended for adults as an option as part of an immunosuppressive regimen only:Where there is proven intolerance to calcineurin inhibitors, particularly nephrotoxicity leading to risk of chronic allograft dysfunction, orIn situations where there is a very high risk of nephrotoxicity necessitating minimisation or avoidance of a calcineurin inhibitor. | Adult:D000328 Calcineurin Inhibitors:D065095 Calcineurin:D019703 Risk:D012306 | Mycophenolate mofetil:386976000 Proven:277025001 Intolerance:29544009 Protein phosphatase 3:712717007 Risk of:30207005 Chronic:90734009 Allograft:7970006 Is a:116680003 Very high:260360000 High risk of:15508007 High risk:723509005 High:75540009 Calcineurin inhibitor:734597001 Calcineurin inhibitor:416798007 | ||
| 244 | Clinicians should consider patient variables in CE decision making. Women with 50 to 69% symptomatic stenosis did not show clear benefit in previous trials. In addition, patients with hemispheric transient ischemic attack (TIA)/stroke had greater benefit from CE than patients with retinal ischemic events .Clinicians should also consider several radiologic factors in decision making about CE. | Decision Making:D003657 Women:D014930 Patients:D010361 Stroke:D020521 Retinaldehyde:D012172 | Patient:116154003 Decision making:247583006 Symptomatic:264931009 Stenosis:415582006 Clear:263707001 Previous:9130008 Hemispheric:21006006 Ischemic:255426005 Attack:216299002 Greater:263768009 Radiologic:5526005 | ||
| 245 | Any athlete who loses a significant amount of fluid during sports participation should weigh in before and after practices, games, meets, and competitions. Each pound of weight loss should be replaced with 1 pint of fluid containing carbohydrates and electrolytes before the next practice or competition. Fluids should be available, and the drinking of such should be encouraged at all practices and competitions. | Athletes:D056352 Sports:D013177 Weight Loss:D015431 Carbohydrates:D002241 Electrolytes:D004573 Drinking:D004326 | Significant:386134007 Fluid:255765007 Weight loss:89362005 Weight:726527001 pint:282119004 Containing:42504009 Drinking:30953006 | ||
| 246 | Surgeons are strongly encouraged to self-audit their experiences. The use of audit tools such as that championed by the Canadian Association of General Surgeons (CAGS) is recommended. | Surgeons:D066231 Association:D001244 | Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Canadian:733446001 Association:263534001 | ||
| 247 | Continue LMWH until INR range 2.0 to 3.0 for 2 consecutive days (usually LMWH 5 to 7 days). | International Normalized Ratio:D019934 | Concept model range:609432006 | ||
| 248 | Consider referral to a program that provides guidance on nutrition, physical activity, and psychosocial concerns. | Programs:D019542 | Referral to:440379008 Nutrition:384759009 Physical activity:68130003 Physical:19388002 Activity:257733005 | ||
| 249 | Clinicians should refer patients who require treatment with multiple psychotropic medications and/or are using illicit substances for psychiatric consultation becauseof the risk of drug-drug interactions and toxicity. | Patients:D010361 therapy:Q000628 Risk:D012306 Drug Interactions:D004347 toxicity:Q000633 | Multiple:255204007 Illicit:66401009 Substance:105590001 Psychiatric:27296002 Consultation:11429006 Risk of:30207005 | ||
| 250 | Asthma should be considered well controlled if (1) asthma symptoms are twice a week or less; (2) rescue bronchodilator medication is used twice a week or less; (3) there is no nocturnal or early morning awaking; (4) there are no limitations of work, school, or exercise; (5) the patient and physician consider their asthma well controlled; and (6) the patient's peak expiratory flow (PEF) or forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is normal or his or her personal best. | Asthma:D001249 Work:D014937 Exercise:D015444 Physicians:D010820 Forced Expiratory Volume:D005541 | Asthma:195967001 Well controlled:444791000124109 Controlled:31509003 Twice:421832002 week:258705008 Bronchodilator:372580007 Early:264499004 Morning:73775008 School:257698009 Exercise:256235009 Patient:116154003 Physician:309343006 Peak:255587001 Expiration:58322009 Forced:263760002 Volume:118565006 Second:81170007 Normal:17621005 | School:1021865 | |
| 251 | The first line of treatment in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is medical therapy and the choice of the drug depends on the target IOP, the safety profile of the drug, patient acceptance, and cost. | therapy:Q000628 Glaucoma:D005901 Safety:D012449 economics:Q000191 | Linear:50009006 Primary open angle glaucoma:77075001 Open-angle glaucoma:84494001 Open angle:251722000 Open:434851000124108 Glaucoma:23986001 Medical therapy:243121000 Medical:74188005 Therapy:276239002 Patient:116154003 | ||
| 252 | Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not associated with known adverse fetal effects. However, until more information is available, magnetic resonance imaging is not recommended for use in the first trimester. | Ultrasonography:D014463 Magnetic Resonance Imaging:D008279 Magnetics:D008280 | Ultrasonography:16310003 Magnetic resonance imaging:113091000 Resonance:300594005 Resonance:39527002 Imaging:363679005 Associated with:47429007 Known:36692007 Use:419385000 First trimester:255246003 | ||
| 253 | For patients receiving neuromuscular blocking agents and corticosteroids, every effort should be made to discontinue neuromuscular blocking agents as soon as possible. | Patients:D010361 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents:D009466 | Blocking:112232007 Discontinue:421286000 As soon as possible:709122007 Possible:371930009 Possible diagnosis:60022001 | ||
| 254 | Dexamethasone should not be first-line therapy for obstetric cholestasis, nor should it be used outside of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) without a thorough consultation with the woman. | Dexamethasone:D003907 therapy:Q000628 Cholestasis:D002779 | Dexamethasone:372584003 Linear:50009006 Therapy:276239002 Cholestasis:33688009 Controlled:31509003 Consultation:11429006 Woman:224526002 | ||
| 255 | Individuals at high risk for developing diabetes need to become aware of the benefits of modest weight loss and participating in regular physical activity. | Risk:D012306 Weight Loss:D015431 | High risk:723509005 High:75540009 Weight loss:89362005 Weight:726527001 Regular:17854005 Physical activity:68130003 Physical:19388002 Activity:257733005 | ||
| 256 | People for whom liver biopsy poses a substantial risk (such as those with haemophilia, or those who have experienced an adverse event after undergoing a previous liver biopsy), and people with symptoms of extra-hepatic HCV infection sufficient to impair quality of life, may be treated on clinical grounds without prior histological classification. | Liver:D008099 Biopsy:D001706 Risk:D012306 Infection:D007239 Quality of Life:D011788 Life:D019369 classification:Q000145 Classification:D002965 | Liver structure:10200004 Biopsy:86273004 Hemophilia - specialty:408442008 Hemophilia:90935002 Event:272379006 Previous:9130008 Sufficient:51117008 Quality of life satisfaction:405152002 Quality:263496004 Clinical:58147004 Classification:278201002 | Biopsy:1007169 | |
| 257 | Patients who have not responded to one of these hypnotic drugs should not be prescribed any of the others. | Patients:D010361 | |||
| 258 | The recommendations on choice of treatment and the importance of regular monitoring of effectiveness and tolerability are the same for specific groups, such as children with learning disabilities, as for the general population of children with epilepsy. | therapy:Q000628 Child:D002648 Learning:D007858 Population:D011153 Epilepsy:D004827 | Regular:17854005 Effectiveness:255403003 Specific:69658003 Groups:261586004 Learning:69998004 Population:385436007 Epilepsy:84757009 | ||
| 259 | In patients for whom a specific etiology of chronic cough is not apparent, empiric therapy for UACS in the form of a first generation A/D preparation should be prescribed before beginning an extensive diagnostic workup. | Patients:D010361 etiology:Q000209 Cough:D003371 therapy:Q000628 Form:D020478 | Specific:69658003 Etiology:134198009 Chronic cough:68154008 Chronic:90734009 Cough:49727002 Therapy:276239002 Form:246176004 Extensive:41118005 | ||
| 260 | In a patient with chronic cough, asthma should always be considered as a potential etiology because asthma is a common condition with which cough is commonly associated. | Cough:D003371 Asthma:D001249 etiology:Q000209 | Patient:116154003 Chronic cough:68154008 Chronic:90734009 Cough:49727002 Asthma:195967001 Etiology:134198009 Is a:116680003 Common:72906007 Condition:260905004 | ||
| 261 | In most patients with a diagnosis of acute bronchitis, beta2-agonist bronchodilators should not be routinely used to alleviate cough.In select adult patients with a diagnosis of acute bronchitis and wheezing accompanying the cough, treatment with beta2-agonist bronchodilators may be useful. | Patients:D010361 Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 Bronchitis:D001991 Cough:D003371 Adult:D000328 therapy:Q000628 | Diagnosis:439401001 Acute bronchitis:10509002 Bronchitis:32398004 Cough:49727002 Adult:133936004 Wheezing:56018004 | ||
| 262 | In patients with chronic cough due to nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis, the possibility of an occupation-related cause needs to be considered. | Patients:D010361 Cough:D003371 Bronchitis:D001991 Occupations:D009790 | Chronic cough:68154008 Chronic:90734009 Cough:49727002 Due to:42752001 Eosinophilic bronchitis:451981000124108 Bronchitis:32398004 Occupation:14679004 Related:262094002 | ||
| 263 | In patients with cough and incomplete or irreversible airflow limitation, direct or indirect signs of small airways disease seen on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan, or purulent secretions seen on bronchoscopy, nonbronchiectatic suppurative airways disease (bronchiolitis) should be suspected as the primary cause. | Patients:D010361 Cough:D003371 Disease:D004194 Tomography:D014054 Bodily Secretions:D012634 Bronchoscopy:D001999 Bronchiolitis:D001988 | Cough:49727002 Incomplete:255599008 Airflow:4601000 Limitation:246175000 Direct:255589003 Indirect:255541007 Small:255507004 Disease:64572001 High:75540009 Purulent:255316004 Bronchoscopy:10847001 Infection - suppurative:255320000 Bronchiolitis:4120002 Suspected:415684004 | ||
| 264 | For patients with more advanced NSCLC (stages III and IV), external beam radiation and/or chemotherapy should usually be offered. | Patients:D010361 Radiation:D011827 drug therapy:Q000188 | Advanced:86005002 Stages:261612004 III:257471003 External:261074009 Radiation:82107009 Chemotherapy:367336001 Offered:410527000 | ||
| 265 | In patients in whom persistent or intolerable ACE inhibitor-induced cough occurs, therapy should be switched, when indicated, to an angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), with which the incidence of associated cough appears to be similar to that for the control drug, or to an appropriate agent of another drug class. | Patients:D010361 Cough:D003371 therapy:Q000628 Angiotensins:D000809 Incidence:D015994 | Induced:16404004 Cough:49727002 Therapy:276239002 Indicated:410535002 Angiotensin receptor:45648004 Angiotensin:9974009 Receptor:116647005 Arbitrary:118521003 Control:246106000 Agent:260872001 Class:277046005 | ||
| 266 | In patients with cough secondary to sarcoidosis, therapy with oral corticosteroids followed by inhaled corticosteroids may improve symptoms. | Patients:D010361 Cough:D003371 secondary:Q000556 Sarcoidosis:D012507 therapy:Q000628 | Cough:49727002 Secondary:2603003 Sarcoidosis:31541009 Therapy:276239002 Oral:738956005 Oral:260548002 Followed by:367409002 | ||
| 267 | In patients with chronic cough who live in areas with a high prevalence of TB, this diagnosis should be considered, but not to the exclusion of the more common etiologies.Sputum smears and cultures for acid fast bacilli and a chest radiograph should be obtained whenever possible. | Patients:D010361 Cough:D003371 Prevalence:D015995 Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 Sputum:D013183 Thorax:D013909 | Chronic cough:68154008 Chronic:90734009 Cough:49727002 High:75540009 Diagnosis:439401001 Common:72906007 Sputum:45710003 Acid:34957004 Fast:277748003 Thoracic structure:51185008 Obtained:398092000 Possible:371930009 Possible diagnosis:60022001 | ||
| 268 | HIV-infected patients with CD4+ lymphocyte counts of <200 cells/microL or those patients with counts of >200 cells/microL with unexplained fever, weight loss, or thrush who have unexplained cough should be suspected of having Pneumocystis pneumonia, tuberculosis, and other opportunistic infections, and should be evaluated accordingly. | HIV:D006678 Patients:D010361 Cells:D002477 Fever:D005334 Weight Loss:D015431 Cough:D003371 Pneumocystis:D011010 Pneumonia:D011014 Tuberculosis:D014376 Opportunistic Infections:D009894 Infection:D007239 | Lymphocyte:56972008 counts:258734002 200:725123003 Fever:386661006 Weight loss:89362005 Weight:726527001 Unexplained cough:315246003 Cough:49727002 Suspected:415684004 Pneumocystis:115987006 Pneumonia:233604007 Tuberculosis:56717001 | ||
| 269 | In patients with chronic bronchitis, agents that have been shown to alter mucus characteristics are not recommended for cough suppression. | Patients:D010361 Bronchitis, Chronic:D029481 Bronchitis:D001991 Mucus:D009093 Cough:D003371 | Chronic bronchitis:63480004 Chronic:90734009 Bronchitis:32398004 Mucus:49909006 Cough suppression:102580004 Cough:49727002 Suppression:80633008 | ||
| 270 | In children with cough, cough suppressants and other over the counter (OTC) cough medicines should not be used as patients, especially young children, may experience significant morbidity and mortality. | Child:D002648 Cough:D003371 Patients:D010361 Morbidity:D009017 Mortality:D009026 mortality:Q000401 | Cough:49727002 Antitussive agent:372791003 Counter:303502004 Young:84422007 Significant:386134007 | ||
| 271 | Pediatricians can actively promote bone health and support the goal of achieving adequate calcium intakes by children and adolescents by promoting the recommended adequate intakes of the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences.The prevention of future osteoporosis and the possibility of a decreased risk of fractures in childhood and adolescence should be discussed with patients and families as potential benefits for achieving these goals. | Pediatricians:D000072143 Health:D006262 Goals:D006040 Calcium:D002118 Child:D002648 Food:D005502 Science:D012586 Osteoporosis:D010024 Risk:D012306 Patients:D010361 | Health:263775005 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Goal:410518001 Adequate:88323005 Calcium:5540006 Nutrition:384759009 Osteoporosis:64859006 Decreased:1250004 Risk of:30207005 Childhood:255398004 Childhood:68433009 Adolescence:263659003 | Calcium:1011309 | |
| 272 | Clinicians should monitor human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected substance users receiving concurrent methadone and ARV therapy for symptoms of withdrawal and/or excess sedation when ARV therapy is initiated or changed. | HIV:D006678 Methadone:D008691 therapy:Q000628 | Monitor:13288007 Human immunodeficiency virus:19030005 Human immunodeficiency virus:72621000119104 Virus:49872002 Substance:261217004 Substance:105590001 Concurrent:68405009 Methadone:387286002 Therapy:276239002 Sedation:72641008 | Methadone:80358 | |
| 273 | When the patient's pain is ongoing or severe, clinicians should rate and document the patient's pain, function, and response to medication at each visit. | Pain:D010146 physiology:Q000502 | Patient:116154003 Pain:22253000 Severe:24484000 Function:246464006 Function:277064003 Medication response:405177001 | ||
| 274 | The initiation of acute-phase ROP screening should be based on the infant's age. | Infant:D007223 | Phase:21191007 Infant:133931009 Age:397669002 | ||
| 275 | Children 7 through 9 years of age who never received any pediatric DTP/DTaP/DT or Td dose generally should receive 3 doses of Td: dose 2 is administered 4 weeks or more after dose 1, and dose 3 is administered 6 to 12 months or longer after dose 2. A 10-year-old child could receive Boostrix for 1 of these doses. A single dose of Tdap is recommended for adolescents 11 to 18 years of age who have completed a 3-dose Td series if the series did not include Boostrix during the 10th year; an interval of at least 5 years between the most recent Td dose and Tdap is suggested . Children 7 to 10 years of age who received other incomplete immunization schedules against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis should be immunized against tetanus and diphtheria according to catch-up recommendations (AAP, 2003) using an all-Td schedule (except children in their 10th year, who could receive a single dose of Boostrix substituted for 1 dose of Td).Children with no history or an incomplete history of pediatric DTP/DTaP/DT or Td immunization could have received doses.Health care professionals can obtain serologic testing for antibodies against tetanus and diphtheria. toxoids in these children. If tetanus and diphtheria toxoid antibody concentrations are each protective at >0.1 IU/mL, then the child can be presumed to have been immunized against tetanus, diphtheria, and possibly pertussis, and Td immunization may be deferred until the child is 11 to 12 years of age, when Tdap vaccine should be given. | Child:D002648 Boostrix:C505143 Immunization:D007114 Tetanus:D013742 Diphtheria:D004165 Whooping Cough:D014917 Appointments and Schedules:D001071 History:D006664 history:Q000266 Health:D006262 Antibodies:D000906 Toxoids:D014121 Diphtheria Toxoid:D004168 Attention:D001288 | Age:397669002 Never:444841000124107 month:258706009 year:258707000 Old:70753007 Child:67822003 Single person:125681006 Series:13039001 Interval:385673002 Recent:6493001 Recent episode:263852005 Incomplete:255599008 Immunization:127785005 Tetanus:76902006 Diphtheria:397428000 Pertussis:27836007 Catch:30623001 History of:392521001 Health:263775005 Serologic:27377004 Diphtheria toxoid:396417009 Toxoid:396411005 Antibody:68498002 0.1:732332006 IU/mL:259002007 Vaccine:398827000 | Antibody:1011980 Antibody:1012036 | |
| 276 | If blood pressure measurements are persistently elevated with a systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg, the patient should be referred for follow-up of possible hypertension and blood pressure management. | Blood Pressure:D001794 blood:Q000097 Blood:D001769 Pressure:D011312 Hypertension:D006973 | Blood pressure:75367002 Blood:87612001 Pressure:722243006 Pressure:13543005 Systolic arterial pressure:72313002 Systolic blood pressure:271649006 Systole:111973004 Greater:263768009 140:732503007 Diastolic blood pressure:271650006 Patient:116154003 Follow-up status:308273005 Follow:421939007 Possible:371930009 Possible diagnosis:60022001 | ||
| 277 | The clinical laboratory should be prepared to provide serum or plasma iron results on a stat basis to aid in the diagnosis of iron overdose. | Laboratories:D007753 Serum:D044967 Plasma:D010949 Iron:D007501 Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 | Clinical:58147004 Laboratory:261904005 Prepared:449781000124107 Serum:67922002 Plasma:50863008 Iron:3829006 Stat:49499008 Aid:246088000 Diagnosis:439401001 | Iron:83540 | |
| 278 | Prescription or provision of emergency contraception in advance of need can increase availability and use. | Emergencies:D004630 Contraception:D003267 | Prescription:16076005 Prescription:260885003 Emergency contraception:275813002 Emergency:25876001 Contraception:13197004 Increase:260366006 Use:419385000 | ||
| 279 | Drug treatment should only be initiated by an appropriately qualified healthcare professional with expertise in ADHD and should be based on a comprehensive assessment and diagnosis. Continued prescribing and monitoring of drug therapy may be performed by general practitioners, under shared care arrangements. | therapy:Q000628 Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 Drug Therapy:D004358 drug therapy:Q000188 General Practitioners:D058005 | Healthcare professional:223366009 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Diagnosis:439401001 Drug therapy:416608005 Therapy:276239002 Performed:398166005 | ||
| 280 | Drug treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a or adefovir dipivoxil should be initiated only by an appropriately qualified healthcare professional with expertise in the management of viral hepatitis. Continuation of therapy under shared-care arrangements with a general practitioner is appropriate. | therapy:Q000628 peginterferon alfa-2a:C100416 adefovir dipivoxil:C106812 adefovir:C053001 Hepatitis:D006505 General Practitioners:D058005 | Peginterferon alfa-2a:421559001 Adefovir dipivoxil:409114008 Adefovir:412072006 Healthcare professional:223366009 Viral hepatitis:3738000 Therapy:276239002 | ||
| 281 | Olanzapine and valproate semisodium, within their licensed indications, are recommended as options for control of the acute symptoms associated with the manic phase of bipolar I disorder. | Olanzapine:D000077152 | Olanzapine:386849001 Divalproex sodium:5641004 Valproate:264325000 Control:246106000 Associated with:47429007 Phase:21191007 Bipolar I disorder:371596008 Bipolar:260994008 Disease:64572001 | ||
| 282 | Hotodynamic therapy (PDT) is recommended for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration for individuals who have a confirmed diagnosis of classic with no occult subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) (that is, whose lesions are composed of classic CNV with no evidence of an occult component) and best-corrected visual acuity 6/60 or better. PDT should be carried out only by retinal specialists with expertise in the use of this technology. | therapy:Q000628 Macular Degeneration:D008268 Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 Visual Acuity:D014792 Retinaldehyde:D012172 Technology:D013672 | Therapy:276239002 Wet:17461003 Age:397669002 Related:262094002 Degeneration:33359002 Diagnosis:439401001 Classic:255301002 Occult:6080000 Subfoveal:264209008 No evidence of:41647002 Evidence of:18669006 Component:246093002 Corrected visual acuity:397536007 Corrected:33714007 Visual acuity:363983007 Visual:255374006 Better:3442003 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 | ||
| 283 | The effectiveness of glitazone combination therapy should be monitored against treatment targets for glycaemic control (usually in terms of haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] level) and for other cardiovascular risk factors, including lipid profile. The target HbA1c level should be set between 6.5% and 7.5%, depending on other risk factors. | therapy:Q000628 Risk Factors:D012307 Risk:D012306 Set (Psychology):D012718 | Effectiveness:255403003 Combination therapy:229554006 Combined:89780004 Therapy:276239002 Control:246106000 Hemoglobin:38082009 Level:276625007 Including:55919000 Lipid:70106000 6.5:732809002 7.5:732850005 | ||
| 284 | Capecitabine monotherapy is recommended as an option for people with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have not previously received capecitabine in combination therapy and for whom anthracycline and taxane-containing regimens have failed or further anthracycline therapy is contraindicated. | Capecitabine:D000069287 secondary:Q000556 Breast:D001940 therapy:Q000628 taxane:C080625 | Capecitabine:386906001 Advanced:86005002 Combination therapy:229554006 Combined:89780004 Therapy:276239002 Anthracycline:372540003 Containing:42504009 Contraindicated:410536001 | ||
| 285 | In all situations where informed discussion and consent is not possible advance directives should be taken fully into account and the individual's advocate and/or carer should be consulted. | Advance Directives:D016223 | Discussion:223482009 Possible:371930009 Possible diagnosis:60022001 Individual:385435006 Carer:229774002 | ||
| 286 | It is recommended that a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor is considered as an adjunct to PCI for all patients with diabetes undergoing elective PCI, and for those patients undergoing complex procedures (for example, multi-vessel PCI, insertion of multiple stents, vein graft PCI, or PCI for bifurcation lesions); currently only abciximab is licensed as an adjunct to PCI. In procedurally uncomplicated,elective PCI, where the risk of adverse sequelae is low, use of a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor is not recommended unless unexpected immediate complications occur. | Patients:D010361 Stents:D015607 Veins:D014680 Abciximab:D000077284 Risk:D012306 complications:Q000150 | Elective:103390000 Complex:103360007 Vessel:272735005 Vessel:733025002 Multiple:255204007 Venous structure:29092000 Transplant:24486003 Graft:260667007 Bifurcation:68689009 Abciximab:386951001 Uncomplicated:263914008 Risk of:30207005 Low:62482003 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Immediate:88694003 | Graft:1003886 Graft:1003478 | |
| 287 | Adhere to a checklist protocol for anesthesia machines and equipment to assure that the desired anesthetic drugs and doses will be delivered. | Checklist:D057189 Anesthesia:D000758 instrumentation:Q000295 Anesthetics:D000777 | Equipment:246137000 Anesthetic:373266007 | Anesthesia:1002796 | |
| 288 | Patients undergoing the following procedures are at higher risk for postoperative pulmonary complications and should be evaluated for other concomitant risk factors and receive pre- and postoperative interventions to reduce pulmonary complications: prolonged surgery (>3 hours), abdominal surgery, thoracic surgery, neurosurgery, head and neck surgery, vascular surgery, aortic aneurysm repair, emergency surgery, and general anesthesia. | Patients:D010361 Risk:D012306 complications:Q000150 Risk Factors:D012307 surgery:Q000601 Thoracic Surgery:D013903 Neurosurgery:D009493 Head:D006257 Neck:D009333 Aortic Aneurysm:D001014 Aneurysm:D000783 Emergencies:D004630 Anesthesia, General:D000768 Anesthesia:D000758 | After:255234002 Following:255260001 Postoperative period:262061000 Pulmonary:738985004 Pulmonary:264164005 Prolonged:255224006 Surgery:257556004 Abdominal:277112006 Thoracic surgery:408456005 Thoracic:261179002 Neurosurgery:394610002 Vascular surgery:408463005 Aortic aneurysm repair:233370007 Aortic aneurysm:67362008 Aortic:261051005 Aneurysm:432119003 Aneurysm:85659009 Surgical repair:4365001 Repair - action:257903006 Emergency:25876001 General anesthesia:50697003 | Surgery:1003143 Anesthesia:1002796 | |
| 289 | Educate nurses, families, policy-makers, and the public to respond to expected or unexpected life events within the family. | Nurses:D009726 Policy:D057766 Life:D019369 Family:D005190 | Life event observable:364706004 Family:35359004 | ||
| 290 | Nurses embrace the following values and beliefs: respect; human dignity; clients are experts for their own lives; clients as leaders; clients' goals coordinate care of the healthcare team; continuity and consistency of care and caregiver; timeliness; responsiveness and universal access to care. These values and beliefs must be incorporated into, and demonstrated throughout, every aspect of client care and services. | Nurses:D009726 Culture:D003469 Respect:D000078682 Personhood:D028723 Patients:D010361 Goals:D006040 | After:255234002 Following:255260001 Continuity:277052006 Consistency:246191002 Caregiver:133932002 Universal:73548004 Access:260507000 Services:224930009 | ||
| 291 | Erlotinib at a dose of 150 mg/day is recommended as third-line therapy for patients with advanced recurrent or progressive non-small cell lung cancer who maintain a good performance status following previous platinum-based and docetaxel (or pemetrexed) chemotherapy. Erlotinib is also an option for second-line therapy, particularly in patients who are not candidates for chemotherapy or for those with progression after first-line docetaxel-platinum chemotherapy. | therapy:Q000628 Patients:D010361 Cells:D002477 Lung:D008168 Platinum:D010984 Docetaxel:D000077143 Pemetrexed:D000068437 drug therapy:Q000188 | Erlotinib:414123001 150:732515006 mg/day:258835005 day:258703001 Linear:50009006 Therapy:276239002 Advanced:86005002 Recurrent:255227004 Progressive:255314001 Non-small cell lung cancer:254637007 Non-small cell:264885008 Small:255507004 Lung structure:39607008 Good:20572008 Status:263490005 After:255234002 Following:255260001 Previous:9130008 Platinum:84847000 Docetaxel:386918005 Pemetrexed:409159000 Chemotherapy:367336001 Second:81170007 Progression:246450006 | ||
| 292 | Antibiotic therapy can be deferred for many asymptomatic patients, and for most cases of OME . | therapy:Q000628 Patients:D010361 | Antibiotic therapy:281789004 Antibiotic:255631004 Therapy:276239002 Asymptomatic:84387000 Case:398241000 | ||
| 293 | All schools should implement age-appropriate and culturally sensitive curricula on changing students' patterns of dietary intake, physical activity, and smoking behaviors. | Schools:D012574 Students:D013334 Smoking:D012907 | Age:397669002 Sensitive:83185005 Changing:243326001 Patterns:272135003 Dietary intake:364395008 Physical activity:68130003 Physical:19388002 Activity:257733005 | ||
| 294 | Massive haemorrhage should be dealt with in accordance with the recommendations of the reports of the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths. | Maternal Death:D063130 | Massive:46998006 | ||
| 295 | Several models for the implementation of AED programmes outside the EMS have been described: we have identified three main strategies that have different and to some extent opposite characteristics.It is recommended that once the priorities of implementation of an AED programme within the EMS have been achieved, a careful analysis is conducted in order to identify the community model that is most suitable for the specific environment. A cost-effectiveness analysis is an essential part of the implementation strategy. Every hospital should analyse whether the goal of early defibrillation is achieved and AED implementation can be an important element in improving the in-hospital chain of survival. Home programmes are still in a preliminary phase of implementation: families with a genetic predisposition to sudden cardiac death and families with high risk individual(s) who are not scheduled for, or cannot receive, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) represent the primary target for pilot projects on home defibrillation. | analysis:Q000032 Environment:D004777 economics:Q000191 Hospitals:D006761 Goals:D006040 Survival:D013534 mortality:Q000401 Death:D003643 Risk:D012306 Pilot Projects:D010865 | Identified:7882003 Principal:63161005 Extent:260858005 Priorities:272125009 Analysis:272389005 Order document:721963009 Community:133928008 Specific:69658003 Environment:276339004 Effectiveness:255403003 Essential:34325006 Hospital:22232009 Goal:410518001 Early:264499004 Chemical element:57795002 Improving:385633008 Chain:46666003 Home:264362003 Preliminary:261420005 Phase:21191007 Genetic predisposition:47708004 Sudden cardiac death:95281009 Sudden:255363002 Death:419620001 High risk:723509005 High:75540009 Individual:385435006 Scheduled - priority:416774000 Scheduled - procedure status:416151008 Defibrillator:19257004 | Home:1021873 | |
| 296 | GECS may be combined with pharmacological prophylaxis or intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) in surgical patients, to increase efficacy in reducing the incidence of DVT. | Patients:D010361 Incidence:D015994 | Combined:89780004 Pharmacologic:56183000 Intermittent:7087005 Compression:71173004 Surgical:83578000 Increase:260366006 | ||
| 297 | Assess the size and the degree of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) with transabdominal ultrasound scan. This information helps to predict the natural history of the disease. | indolepropanol phosphate:C041272 Natural History:D019021 History:D006664 history:Q000266 Disease:D004194 | Size:246115007 Degree:246173007 Intravesical:738946006 Intravesical approach:261102005 Prostatic:263847000 Protrusion:112639008 Natural:510009 History of:392521001 Disease:64572001 | ||
| 298 | Consent should be obtained and documented for every procedure. In addition to the risks associated with all endoscopic procedures, the consent should address the relevant and substantial complications pertaining to each specific EUS procedure. | Risk:D012306 Address:D019484 complications:Q000150 | Obtained:398092000 Documented:397934002 Procedure:71388002 Associated with:47429007 Address:397635003 Specific:69658003 | ||
| 299 | Esophageal pH recording is possibly indicated to detect refractory reflux in patients with chest pain after cardiac evaluation using a symptom reflux association scheme, preferably the symptom association probability calculation (pH study done after a trial of proton pump inhibitor therapy for at least 4 weeks). | Patients:D010361 Chest Pain:D002637 Thorax:D013909 Pain:D010146 Association:D001244 Probability:D011336 therapy:Q000628 | Indicated:410535002 Intractable:20646008 Chest pain:29857009 Thoracic structure:51185008 Pain:22253000 Association:263534001 Study:224699009 Proton pump inhibitor:734582004 Proton:89177007 Pump:44668000 Therapy:276239002 | ||
| 300 | It is recommended that repeated clinical assessment be conducted, as this is the most important aspect of monitoring for deteriorating respiratory status. | Clinical:58147004 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Status:263490005 | |||
| 301 | It is recommended that cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, and cefdinir be second-line therapy for pediatric ABS . | Cefuroxime:D002444 cefpodoxime:C053268 Cefdinir:D000077525 therapy:Q000628 | Cefuroxime:372833007 Cefpodoxime:387534007 Cefdinir:108677001 Second:81170007 Linear:50009006 Therapy:276239002 | ||
| 302 | Metoprolol tartrate (short-acting formulation) titrated to maximum tolerated dosage, is an acceptable but less well-established alternative to carvedilol, metoprolol CR/XL, or bisoprolol. | Metoprolol:D008790 Carvedilol:D000077261 Bisoprolol:D017298 | Metoprolol tartrate:72770009 Metoprolol:372826007 Short:367450005 Dosage:260911001 Acceptable:900000000000549004 Established:263748003 Carvedilol:386870007 Bisoprolol:386868003 | ||
| 303 | At this time, there is no apparent transfusion threshold that would eliminate the risk of perioperative visual loss related to anemia. | Time:D013995 Risk:D012306 Anemia:D000740 | Time:900000000000475002 Time:410669006 Time:410670007 Transfusion - action:303955003 Transfusion:5447007 Threshold:246510005 Threshold:118589004 Risk of:30207005 Visual:255374006 Related:262094002 Anemia:271737000 | Time:1022208 Time:1014977 | |
| 304 | If survival is the main outcome of interest for a patient, it is reasonable to offer chemotherapy to medically suitable patients as an option for this condition with a full discussion of the benefits, limitations, and toxicities. | Survival:D013534 mortality:Q000401 drug therapy:Q000188 Patients:D010361 | Principal:63161005 Patient:116154003 Chemotherapy:367336001 Condition:260905004 Discussion:223482009 | ||
| 305 | Prompt investigation of the scene at which the infant was found lifeless or unresponsive and careful interviews of household members by knowledgeable individuals with the legal authority and mandate to conduct such investigations. | Infant:D007223 | Infant:133931009 Unresponsive:422768004 Is informed:225795001 Legal:398165009 | ||
| 306 | Prophylactic antibiotics are given before placement of a percutaneous endoscopically placed gastrostomy (PEG). | Gastrostomy:D005774 | Prophylactic:262073000 Gastrostomy:54956002 Gastrostomy:272726003 | ||
| 307 | There is insufficient evidence to reliably inform the use of intracavitary radiotherapy either alone or in combination with external beam radiotherapy. | radiotherapy:Q000532 Radiotherapy:D011878 | Insufficient:423437008 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Intracavitary:373863008 Radiation oncology AND/OR radiotherapy:108290001 Combined:89780004 Teleradiotherapy procedure:33195004 External:261074009 | ||
| 308 | Therefore, in younger stroke patients, studies that can identify PFO or atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) may be considered for prognostic purposes . | Stroke:D020521 Patients:D010361 Aneurysm:D000783 | Atrial septal aneurysm:95440004 Septal:255584008 Aneurysm:432119003 Aneurysm:85659009 | ||
| 309 | The routine use of more than one Filshie clip is not recommended. | Routine:50811001 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Filshie clip:272203006 Clip:77720000 | |||
| 310 | Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for all patients with diabetes. | Patients:D010361 | Pneumococcal vaccine:333598008 Pneumococcal vaccine:398730001 Vaccine:398827000 | ||
| 311 | In situ lumbar PLF is recommended as a treatment option in addition to decompression in patients with lumbar stenosis without deformity in whom there is evidence of spinal instability. | therapy:Q000628 Decompression:D003664 Patients:D010361 | In situ:264031007 Lumbar:264082005 Decompression:424128006 Stenosis:415582006 Deformity:417893002 Deformity:6081001 Evidence of:18669006 Spinal instability:240220009 | Decompression:1009626 | |
| 312 | The use of lumbar brace therapy as a preoperative diagnostic tool to predict outcome following lumbar fusion surgery is not recommended. | Braces:D001915 therapy:Q000628 surgery:Q000601 | Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Lumbar:264082005 Brace:360316004 Therapy:276239002 Preoperative:262068006 Tool:86967005 After:255234002 Following:255260001 Fusion:122501008 Fusion:31883006 Surgery:257556004 | Surgery:1003143 | |
| 313 | Lateral flexion and extension radiography is recommended as an adjunct to determine the presence of lumbar fusion postoperatively. The lack of motion between vertebrae, in the absence of rigid instrumentation, is highly suggestive of successful fusion. | Radiography:D011859 Motion:D009038 instrumentation:Q000295 | Lateral flexion:255538003 Lateral:49370004 Flexion:9964006 Extension:255536004 Present:52101004 Presence:705057003 Presence:386397008 Lumbar:264082005 Fusion:122501008 Fusion:31883006 Motion:56219004 Absence:418560003 Rigid:261026009 Instrumentation:309824003 Suggestive of:7196007 Successful:385669000 | ||
| 314 | Additional Laboratory Tests. It is recommended that patients with no apparent etiology of HF or no specific clinical features suggesting unusual etiologies undergo additional directed blood and laboratory studies to determine the cause of HF. | Laboratories:D007753 Patients:D010361 etiology:Q000209 blood:Q000097 Blood:D001769 | Laboratory:261904005 Tests:272393004 Etiology:134198009 Specific:69658003 Clinical:58147004 Blood:87612001 | ||
| 315 | It is recommended that, in women with a previous VTE, with or without an underlying heritable thrombophilia, oral HRT should usually be avoided in view of the relatively high risk of recurrent VTE. | Women:D014930 Thrombophilia:D019851 Risk:D012306 | Previous:9130008 Thrombophilia:234467004 Oral:738956005 Oral:260548002 View:246516004 High risk of:15508007 High risk:723509005 High:75540009 Risk of:30207005 Recurrent:255227004 | ||
| 316 | Use with caution in patients at risk for development of prolonged QT syndrome: congestive heart failure (CHF), bradycardia, cardiac hypertrophy, hypokalemia/magnesemia, on other drugs known to prolong the QT interval. | Patients:D010361 Risk:D012306 Syndrome:D013577 Heart Failure:D006333 Heart:D006321 Bradycardia:D001919 Hypertrophy:D006984 Hypokalemia:D007008 | Use with caution:428579001 Use:419385000 At risk:410519009 Prolonged:255224006 Congestive heart failure:42343007 Heart failure:84114007 Failure:76797004 Bradycardia:48867003 Hypertrophy:56246009 Hypokalemia:43339004 Known:36692007 Interval:385673002 | ||
| 317 | The foot examination can be accomplished in a primary care setting and should include the use of a monofilament, tuning fork, palpation, and a visual examination. | Foot:D005528 Palpation:D010173 | Examination - action:302199004 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Fork:303513001 Palpation:113011001 Inspection:32750006 Visual:255374006 | ||
| 318 | Document the presence/absence of an indwelling urinary catheter. Determine appropriate indwelling catheter use: severely ill patients, patient with Stage III to IV pressure ulcers of the trunk, urinary retention unresolved by other interventions. | Catheters:D057785 Patients:D010361 Pressure:D011312 Ulcer:D014456 Urinary Retention:D016055 | Presence:705057003 Presence:386397008 Absence:418560003 Indwelling urinary catheter:23973005 Indwelling:255307003 Urinary catheter:20568009 Catheter:19923001 Use:419385000 Patient:116154003 Stage:258214002 III:257471003 Pressure:722243006 Pressure:13543005 Retention:36850000 Unresolved:263921008 | ||
| 319 | Nurses working with individuals with asthma must have the appropriate knowledge and skills to:Identify the level of asthma control,Provide basic asthma education,Conduct appropriate referrals to physician and community resources | Nurses:D009726 Asthma:D001249 Knowledge:D019359 Education:D004493 education:Q000193 Physicians:D010820 | Working:261041009 Asthma:195967001 Level:276625007 Control:246106000 Asthma education:401135008 Details of education:276031006 Education:409073007 Physician:309343006 Community:133928008 | ||
| 320 | For all interinstitutional transfers, complete a medical transfer summary to be transferred with the patient. | Complete:255594003 Medical:74188005 Patient:116154003 | |||
| 321 | Glutamine may be beneficial in select patients. To identify which patients may benefit, each constituent RCT should be reviewed and clinical judgement should be exercised. | Glutamine:D005973 Patients:D010361 | Glutamine:25761002 Clinical:58147004 Judgement:61254005 | ||
| 322 | Regular review of medications for prevention of iatrogenesis. | Review:D016454 | Regular:17854005 Review of:55210009 | ||
| 323 | Vigabatrin is also possibly effective for the short-term treatment of infantile spasms in the majority of children with tuberous sclerosis. | Vigabatrin:D020888 therapy:Q000628 Child:D002648 Tuberous Sclerosis:D014402 Sclerosis:D012598 | Vigabatrin:310283001 Effective:254648000 Short:367450005 Infantile:263784005 Tuberous:255293005 Sclerosis:43846000 | ||
| 324 | Isolated mitral valve repair or replacement for severe mitral regurgitation secondary to ventricular dilatation in the presence of severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is not generally recommended. | Mitral Valve:D008943 secondary:Q000556 Dilatation:D004106 | Isolated:46651001 Mitral valve structure:91134007 Valve:706449001 Surgical repair:4365001 Repair - action:257903006 Replacement - action:282089006 Reimplantation:3137001 Replacement procedure:373188003 Severe:24484000 Regurgitation:78104003 Regurgitation - mechanism:263854006 Secondary:2603003 Ventricular dilatation:6210001 Dilatation:25322007 Present:52101004 Presence:705057003 Presence:386397008 Left:7771000 Systolic dysfunction:371037005 Systole:111973004 | ||
| 325 | If blood pressure remains >130/80 mm Hg then the addition of a diuretic is recommended, followed by a calcium antagonist or other antihypertensive drugs. | Blood Pressure:D001794 blood:Q000097 Blood:D001769 Pressure:D011312 Calcium:D002118 | Blood pressure:75367002 Blood:87612001 Pressure:722243006 Pressure:13543005 130:732492005 Diuretic:372695000 Followed by:367409002 Calcium:5540006 | Calcium:1011309 | |
| 326 | For all patients, encourage 30 to 60 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, such as brisk walking, on most, preferably all, days of the week, supplemented by an increase in daily lifestyle activities (e.g., walking breaks at work, gardening, household work). | Patients:D010361 Walking:D016138 Work:D014937 Gardening:D051639 | min:258701004 Moderate:6736007 Activity:257733005 Brisk:263691002 Walking:129006008 Days of the week:307144000 week:258705008 Increase:260366006 Daily:69620002 Lifestyle:134436002 | ||
| 327 | The recommended dose of gefitinib for third-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer is 250 mg/day. | Gefitinib:D000077156 therapy:Q000628 Cells:D002477 Lung:D008168 | Gefitinib:407100002 Linear:50009006 Non-small cell lung cancer:254637007 Non-small cell:264885008 Small:255507004 Lung structure:39607008 250:732617008 mg/day:258835005 day:258703001 | ||
| 328 | One randomized phase II study and six phase II studies have shown encouraging response rates when thalidomide is combined with temozolomide. However, dosing schedules of temozolomide in those studies differed from conventional prescribed doses and schedules. It is not clear whether the improved response rates were due to the small number of patients in the studies, the different dose schedules of temozolomide, or the addition of thalidomide. Further phase III studies are required to confirm whether there is a benefit associated with the combination of temozolomide and thalidomide. Therefore, it is not recommended that thalidomide be combined with temozolomide at this time. | Thalidomide:D013792 Temozolomide:D000077204 Patients:D010361 Time:D013995 | Phase:21191007 Study:224699009 Thalidomide:78702007 Combined:89780004 Temozolomide:387009002 Conventional:255333006 Clear:263707001 Improved:385425000 Due to:42752001 Small:255507004 Number:410680006 Number:260299005 III:257471003 Confirmatory technique:703690001 Is a:116680003 Associated with:47429007 Time:900000000000475002 Time:410669006 Time:410670007 | Time:1022208 Time:1014977 | |
| 329 | Patients who have a single lesion can be offered surgical resection if they are non-cirrhotic or have cirrhosis but still have well preserved liver function, normal bilirubin and hepatic vein pressure gradient <10 mmHg . | Patients:D010361 Liver:D008099 physiology:Q000502 Bilirubin:D001663 Veins:D014680 Pressure:D011312 | Single lesion:300580009 Single person:125681006 Lesion:52988006 Offered:410527000 Surgical:83578000 Non-cirrhotic:255436002 Cirrhotic:255417007 Liver function:79036002 Liver structure:10200004 Function:246464006 Function:277064003 Normal:17621005 Bilirubin:79706000 Structure of hepatic vein:8993003 Venous structure:29092000 Pressure:722243006 Pressure:13543005 mmHg:259018001 | Bilirubin:1011294 | |
| 330 | Numerous observations are compatible with androgen therapy yielding improved bone-related factors, particularly in doses that exceed the normal range | therapy:Q000628 | Numerous:260396001 Compatible with:7883008 Androgen:84629008 Therapy:276239002 Improved:385425000 Related:262094002 Normal range:260395002 Normal:17621005 Concept model range:609432006 | ||
| 331 | The Task Force suggests that clinicians consider short-term testosterone therapy as an adjunctive therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men with low testosterone levels and weight loss to promote weight maintenance and gains in lean body mass (LBM) and muscle strength. | Testosterone:D013739 therapy:Q000628 HIV:D006678 Men:D008571 Weight Loss:D015431 Maintenance:D008283 Muscle Strength:D053580 Muscles:D009132 | Short:367450005 Testosterone:43688007 Therapy:276239002 Human immunodeficiency virus:19030005 Human immunodeficiency virus:72621000119104 Virus:49872002 Decreased testosterone level:131078003 Low:62482003 Levels:258395000 Weight loss:89362005 Weight:726527001 Lean body mass:248362003 Mass:118538004 Mass:4147007 Muscle structure:71616004 | Testosterone:1011699 | |
| 332 | An EDH less than 30 cm3 and with less than a 15-mm thickness and with less than a 5-mm midline shift (MLS) in patients with a GCS score greater than 8 without focal deficit can be managed nonoperatively with serial computed tomographic (CT) scanning and close neurological observation in a neurosurgical center | Patients:D010361 Observation:D019370 | Midline:399488007 Shift:9546005 Score:246262008 Greater:263768009 Focal:87017008 Central:26216008 | ||
| 333 | Patients with parenchymal mass lesions who do not show evidence for neurological compromise, have controlled intracranial pressure (ICP), and no significant signs of mass effect on CT scan may be managed nonoperatively with intensive monitoring and serial imaging. | Patients:D010361 Intracranial Pressure:D007427 Pressure:D011312 | Mass:118538004 Mass:4147007 Evidence of:18669006 Controlled:31509003 Intracranial pressure:250844005 Intracranial:303231004 Pressure:722243006 Pressure:13543005 Significant:386134007 Effect:253861007 Imaging:363679005 | Unlisted computed tomography procedure (eg, diagnostic, interventional):76497 | |
| 334 | Early operation is recommended to reduce the incidence of infection. | Incidence:D015994 Infection:D007239 | Early:264499004 | ||
| 335 | There is insufficient evidence at this time to support or refute treatment with a rituximab-containing chemotherapy regimen in patients who have been previously treated for diffuse DLBCL or a variant of DLBCL. | Time:D013995 therapy:Q000628 Rituximab:D000069283 drug therapy:Q000188 Patients:D010361 | Insufficient:423437008 Time:900000000000475002 Time:410669006 Time:410670007 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Rituximab:386919002 Containing:42504009 Chemotherapy:367336001 Diffuse:19648000 Variant:40885006 | Time:1022208 Time:1014977 | |
| 336 | Single-agent gemcitabine is NOT recommended for women with metastatic breast cancer who are being considered for first-line single-agent anthracycline chemotherapy. | gemcitabine:C056507 Women:D014930 secondary:Q000556 Breast:D001940 drug therapy:Q000188 | Single person:125681006 Agent:260872001 Gemcitabine:386920008 Linear:50009006 Anthracycline:372540003 Chemotherapy:367336001 | ||
| 337 | Alkylating-agent based therapy is appropriate for the initial and subsequent treatment of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia. | therapy:Q000628 | Agent:260872001 Therapy:276239002 Initial:884001 Waldenström macroglobulinemia:190818004 | ||
| 338 | Where myeloma and AL amyloidosis co-exist, choice of treatment for myeloma should take into account the extent of organ involvement with amyloid and the potential toxicities of individual treatments . | Amyloidosis:D000686 therapy:Q000628 Amyloid:D000682 Therapeutics:D013812 | AL amyloidosis:23132008 Amyloidosis:17602002 Extent:260858005 Involvement:278112009 Individual:385435006 | ||
| 339 | Screening for depression if indicated (Geriatric Depression Scale). | Depression:D003863 | Indicated:410535002 Geriatric depression scale:273481004 Scale - rank:278111002 Scale:19892000 | ||
| 340 | Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma should be treated by radical radiotherapy encompassing the primary tumour with a margin of at least 2 cm. | Plasmacytoma:D010954 radiotherapy:Q000532 Radiotherapy:D011878 | Extramedullary plasmacytoma:188718006 Plasmacytoma:415112005 Plasmacytoma:10639003 Radical:255612005 Radical:32948009 Radiation oncology AND/OR radiotherapy:108290001 Neoplasm:108369006 Marginal:112233002 | ||
| 341 | Institutional policies should be developed for provision of patient- and family-centered care through environmental design, practice, and staffing in collaboration with patients and their families. | Organizational Policy:D016134 Policy:D057766 Family:D005190 Patients:D010361 | Patient:116154003 Family:35359004 | ||
| 342 | Patients currently treated in hospital who are potentially suitable for home haemodialysis on clinical grounds, but who have not previously been offered a choice, should be reassessed and informed about their dialysis options. | Patients:D010361 Hospitals:D006761 Dialysis:D003956 | Hospital:22232009 Home:264362003 Hemodialysis:302497006 Clinical:58147004 Offered:410527000 | Home:1021873 | |
| 343 | In primary care and specialty medical settings, ACIP recommends implementation of standing orders to identify adults recommended for hepatitis B vaccination and administer vaccination as part of routine services. To ensure vaccination of adults at risk for HBV infection who have not completed the vaccine series, ACIP recommends the following implementation strategies:Provide information to all adults regarding the health benefits of hepatitis B vaccination, including risk factors for HBV infection and persons for whom vaccination is recommended.Help all adults assess their need for vaccination by obtaining a history that emphasizes risks for sexual transmission and percutaneous or mucosal exposure to blood.Vaccinate all adults who report risks for HBV infection.Vaccinate all adults requesting protection from HBV infection, without requiring them to acknowledge a specific risk factor. | Standing Orders:D000071065 Adult:D000328 Hepatitis B:D006509 Hepatitis:D006505 Vaccination:D014611 Risk:D012306 Infection:D007239 Insurance Benefits:D007342 Health:D006262 Risk Factors:D012307 Persons:D009272 History:D006664 history:Q000266 transmission:Q000635 blood:Q000097 Blood:D001769 | Medical:74188005 Hepatitis B vaccination:16584000 Administer:738990001 Administer:418283001 Routine:50811001 Services:224930009 At risk:410519009 Stopped before completion:410545000 Vaccine:398827000 Series:13039001 After:255234002 Following:255260001 Health:263775005 Including:55919000 Sexual transmission:417564009 Transmission:258150004 Mucosal:313268005 Exposure to:24932003 Blood:87612001 Report:229059009 Specific:69658003 Risk factor:80943009 | ||
| 344 | Complete disability certification forms objectively, accurately and in a timely manner. | Certification:D002568 Form:D020478 | Complete:255594003 Disability:21134002 | ||
| 345 | There is not enough evidence to evaluate the benefits of influenza vaccination in patients with asthma . | Vaccination:D014611 Patients:D010361 Asthma:D001249 | Influenza vaccination:86198006 Influenza:6142004 Asthma:195967001 | ||
| 346 | Helicobacter Pylori and Peptic Ulceration:Recommended diagnostic tests:A Urea breath test (UBT) is the recommended noninvasive test. Stop treatment (other than antacids) for 2 weeks prior to UBT. | Helicobacter pylori:D016480 Helicobacter:D016998 Urea:D014508 Breath Tests:D001944 therapy:Q000628 Antacids:D000863 | Helicobacter pylori:80774000 Helicobacter:19454009 Peptic:263836007 Ulceration:263913002 Tests:272393004 Urea:387092000 Breath test:164790002 Breath:11891009 Stop:422117008 | Helicobacter pylori:1011474 | |
| 347 | Parameters of Assessment:Use the three group risk assessment tool (White, Karam & Cowell, 1994) to assess for skin tear risk.Use the Payne-Martin Classification system to classify skin tear:Category I- a skin tear without tissue lossCategory II- a skin tear with partial tissue lossCategory III- a skin tear with complete tissue loss, where the epidermal flap is absent. | Risk Assessment:D018570 Risk:D012306 Skin:D012867 Tears:D013666 classification:Q000145 Classification:D002965 Tissues:D014024 | Observation parameter:252116004 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Use:419385000 Group:389109008 Group:246261001 Risk assessment:225338004 Tool:86967005 White - ethnic group:185984009 Skin structure:39937001 Rupture:125671007 Classification system:115670007 Classification:278201002 System:246333005 System:733021006 Partial:255609007 III:257471003 Complete:255594003 Flap:256683004 Flap:246343008 Absent:2667000 | Flap:1003472 | |
| 348 | Routine Tdap Vaccination:Recommendations for Use: Adults aged 19 to 64 years should receive a single dose of Tdap to replace a single dose of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids vaccine (Td) for active booster vaccination against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis if they received their last dose of Td >10 years earlier. Replacing 1 dose of Td with Tdap will reduce the morbidity associated with pertussis in adults and might reduce the risk for transmitting pertussis to persons at increased risk for pertussis and its complications. | Vaccination:D014611 Adult:D000328 Aged:D000368 Tetanus:D013742 Diphtheria:D004165 Toxoids:D014121 Whooping Cough:D014917 Morbidity:D009017 Risk:D012306 Persons:D009272 complications:Q000150 | Routine:50811001 Use:419385000 Single person:125681006 Tetanus:76902006 Diphtheria:397428000 Vaccine:398827000 Active:55561003 Booster vaccination:359953009 Pertussis:27836007 Associated with:47429007 Increased:35105006 | ||
| 349 | Hypnotherapy:Most widely studied and used psychological therapy for diarrhea and pain-predominant symptoms. Improvements have been seen in all symptom measures, quality of life and overall well-being. Of the controlled, randomized studies in the last five years, all studies noted improvement with gut-directed hypnotherapy versus placebo in reducing diarrhea-predominant and pain-predominant symptoms. Twenty years after hypnotherapy was introduced as an effective treatment for IBS, the mechanisms behind the results are still unclear. | therapy:Q000628 Diarrhea:D003967 Pain:D010146 Quality of Life:D011788 Life:D019369 Overall:D016424 | Hypnotherapy:19997007 Psychologic:60224009 Therapy:276239002 Diarrhea:62315008 Pain:22253000 Measures:367346004 Quality of life satisfaction:405152002 Quality:263496004 Controlled:31509003 20:732587006 Effective:254648000 Mechanisms:257544000 | Hypnotherapy:90880 | |
| 350 | The stage of ovarian cancer is an important prognostic factor that influences survival and the choice of therapy. The quality of the surgical staging is a key determinant of treatment recommendations. | Survival:D013534 mortality:Q000401 therapy:Q000628 | Stage:258214002 Malignant tumor of ovary:363443007 Therapy:276239002 Quality:263496004 Surgical:83578000 Is a:116680003 | ||
| 351 | Epidemiology and Prevention:Clinicians should encourage all patients with HCV and all patients with HIV who are sexually active to use condoms. | Epidemiology:D004813 epidemiology:Q000453 Patients:D010361 HIV:D006678 Condoms:D017280 | Sexually active:228453005 Active:55561003 Use:419385000 | ||
| 352 | There is evidence from one randomized controlled trial demonstrating that continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy (CHART) improves survival over standard radiotherapy of 60 Gy in 30 fractions, in patients with locally advanced, unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Selected patients (with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] performance status > 1 who do not fit the criteria for induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy or patients who prefer radiotherapy only) may be considered for continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy. | Randomized Controlled Trial:D016449 Radiation:D011827 therapy:Q000628 Chart:D020468 Survival:D013534 mortality:Q000401 radiotherapy:Q000532 Radiotherapy:D011878 Patients:D010361 Cells:D002477 Lung:D008168 Induction Chemotherapy:D060828 drug therapy:Q000188 | Controlled:31509003 Continuous:255238004 Accelerated:14355007 Radiation:82107009 Therapy:276239002 Chart:706825008 Radiation oncology AND/OR radiotherapy:108290001 Fractions:278277004 Advanced:86005002 Stage:258214002 III:257471003 Non-small cell lung cancer:254637007 Non-small cell:264885008 Small:255507004 Lung structure:39607008 Group:389109008 Group:246261001 Electrocorticogram:81906003 Status:263490005 Seizure:91175000 Induction chemotherapy:450827009 Chemotherapy:367336001 | ||
| 353 | Patient Education:Assess Patient Needs.An important first step in optimizing patient education is to adequately assess each patient's needs. Take into account patients' level of knowledge about their headaches. Also, be aware of their attitudes, beliefs, and cultural background and how these elements might affect the treatment process. Be sensitive to environmental and social factors, which can also play a role in determining patients' receptivity to treatment. | Education:D004493 education:Q000193 Patients:D010361 Knowledge:D019359 Attitude:D001290 Culture:D003469 Elements:D004602 Affect:D000339 therapy:Q000628 Play and Playthings:D010988 Role:D012380 | Patient education:311401005 Patient:116154003 Details of education:276031006 Education:409073007 Step:398298007 Level:276625007 Affect:4065008 Process:415178003 Process:719982003 Sensitive:83185005 Role:766940004 | ||
| 354 | Carers: Older people who are carers of people with intellectual or other disabilities should be assessed for health and support needs. | Health:D006262 | Health:263775005 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 | ||
| 355 | Neonates and young infants should receive appropriate pain relief. | Infant:D007223 Pain:D010146 | Young:84422007 Pain relief:182970005 Pain:22253000 Feeling relief:224978009 | ||
| 356 | Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) Indications:LAIV is indicated for healthy individuals 5 years to 49 years of age who want to be protected against influenza. TIV is preferred for close contacts of immunosuppressed individuals.Persons should not receive LAIV if any of the following criteria are present:Age less than 5 yearsHistory of anaphylactic reaction to egg or chicken proteinReceiving salicylatesKnown or suspected immune deficiencyHistory of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)Reactive airway disease or asthmaOther conditions traditionally considered high risk for severe influenza (chronic pulmonary disorders or cardiac disorders, pregnancy, chronic metabolic disease, renal dysfunction, hemoglobinopathies, immune deficiency, or immunosuppressive therapy) | Persons:D009272 Anaphylaxis:D000707 Syndrome:D013577 Disease:D004194 Risk:D012306 Pregnancy:D011247 Metabolic Diseases:D008659 Hemoglobinopathies:D006453 deficiency:Q000172 therapy:Q000628 | Influenza virus vaccine:46233009 Influenza virus vaccine:396425006 Influenza:6142004 Vaccine:398827000 Indicated:410535002 Age:397669002 Preferred:900000000000548007 After:255234002 Following:255260001 Present:52101004 Reaction:263851003 Chicken - meat:226955001 Suspected:415684004 Immune:255386009 Reactive airway disease:991000119106 Reactive:11214006 Disease:64572001 High risk:723509005 High:75540009 Severe:24484000 Chronic:90734009 Pulmonary:738985004 Pulmonary:264164005 Pregnancy:289908002 Metabolic disease:75934005 Deficiency:246199000 Immunosuppressive therapy:86553008 Therapy:276239002 | ||
| 357 | Reflex Responses:Most of the neurophysiological investigation techniques have only limited usefulness in the diagnosis of headache. Further research in large populations is needed in order to establish which electrophysiological markers could be relevant in clinical practice. | Reflex:D012018 Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 Headache:D006261 Research:D012106 | Reflex:87572000 Limited:255469002 Limited:900000000000486000 Diagnosis:439401001 Headache:25064002 Large:255509001 Needed:410525008 Order document:721963009 Clinical:58147004 | ||
| 358 | Secondary Prevention of Withdrawal Seizures:Benzodiazepines should be used for the secondary prevention of AWS . | Secondary Prevention:D055502 secondary:Q000556 Seizures:D012640 Benzodiazepines:D001569 | Secondary prevention:315234002 Secondary:2603003 | Benzodiazepines:1022254 | |
| 359 | Correlation between IENF Density and Clinical, Neurophysiological, Psychophysical, Autonomic, and Sural Nerve Biopsy Examinations: | Sural Nerve:D013497 Biopsy:D001706 | Density:125146005 Clinical:58147004 Biopsy:86273004 | Biopsy:1007169 | |
| 360 | In patients who fail to respond to therapy with methylprednisolone in the dose range used in the randomized, placebo-controlled trials, treatment with higher doses (up to 2 g daily for 5 days) should be considered. | Patients:D010361 therapy:Q000628 Methylprednisolone:D008775 | Therapy:276239002 Methylprednisolone:116593003 Concept model range:609432006 Controlled:31509003 Daily:69620002 | ||
| 361 | Staging Distant Metastatic Disease:2003 Recommendations:Adrenal: The finding of an isolated adrenal mass on ultrasonography, CT scan, or FDG-PET scan requires biopsy to rule out metastatic disease if the patient is otherwise considered to be potentially resectable. | secondary:Q000556 Disease:D004194 Ultrasonography:D014463 Biopsy:D001706 | Distant:261007001 Disease:64572001 Isolated:46651001 Adrenal mass:237783006 Mass:118538004 Mass:4147007 Ultrasonography:16310003 Positron emission tomography:82918005 Biopsy:86273004 Exclude:77765009 Patient:116154003 | Unlisted computed tomography procedure (eg, diagnostic, interventional):76497 Biopsy:1007169 | |
| 362 | Supplemental oxygen, either at night or during exertion, is not recommended for patients with HF in the absence of an indication of underlying pulmonary disease. Patients with resting hypoxemia or oxygen desaturation during exercise should be evaluated for residual fluid overload or concomitant pulmonary disease. | Oxygen:D010100 Patients:D010361 Disease:D004194 Hypoxia:D000860 Exercise:D015444 | Oxygen:24099007 Exertion:19487008 Absence:418560003 Indication of:230165009 Pulmonary:738985004 Pulmonary:264164005 Disease:64572001 Hypoxemia:389087006 During exercise:309604004 Exercise:256235009 Residual:65320000 Fluid:255765007 | ||
| 363 | Partial hospitalization should be considered for patients who require intensive care but have a reasonable probability of refraining from illicit use of substances outside a restricted setting. | Hospitalization:D006760 Patients:D010361 Critical Care:D003422 Probability:D011336 | Partial:255609007 Illicit:66401009 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Substance:105590001 Restricted:263856008 | ||
| 364 | Nurses will educate clients about self/home blood pressure monitoring techniques and appropriate equipment to assist in potential diagnosis and the monitoring of hypertension. | Nurses:D009726 Patients:D010361 Blood Pressure:D001794 blood:Q000097 Blood:D001769 Pressure:D011312 instrumentation:Q000295 Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 Hypertension:D006973 | Home:264362003 Blood pressure monitoring:135840009 Blood pressure:75367002 Blood:87612001 Pressure:722243006 Pressure:13543005 Equipment:246137000 Diagnosis:439401001 | Home:1021873 | |
| 365 | Modifying Factors: Clinicians should assess the patient with diffuse AOE for factors that modify management (nonintact tympanic membrane, tympanostomy tube, diabetes, immunocompromised state, prior radiotherapy). | Tympanic Membrane:D014432 radiotherapy:Q000532 Radiotherapy:D011878 | Patient:116154003 Diffuse:19648000 Tympanostomy:397862008 Tube - unit of product usage:418530008 Tube:733024003 Tube:83059008 State:398070004 Radiation oncology AND/OR radiotherapy:108290001 | ||
| 366 | Detection/Screening:Screen by history for substance use at every health maintenance exam or initial pregnancy visit (repeat as indicated), using a validated screening tool (improves accuracy of detecting alcohol abuse or dependence). | History:D006664 history:Q000266 Health:D006262 Maintenance:D008283 Pregnancy:D011247 | Substance:261217004 Substance:105590001 Use:419385000 Health:263775005 Initial:884001 Pregnancy:289908002 Repeat:27582007 Indicated:410535002 Tool:86967005 Alcohol abuse:15167005 Alcohol:53041004 Abuse:417928002 Victim of abuse:386702006 Dependence:255338002 | ||
| 367 | Staging:T Stage in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC):The presence of malignant cells is required to categorise the lesion as T4. | Cells:D002477 Lung:D008168 | Stage:258214002 Non-small cell lung cancer:254637007 Non-small cell:264885008 Small:255507004 Lung structure:39607008 Present:52101004 Presence:705057003 Presence:386397008 Malignant:21594007 Lesion:52988006 | ||
| 368 | Long-term follow up in a specialized clinic is unnecessary for uncomplicated disease that is well controlled clinically using small amounts of a topical corticosteroid, and follow up should be reserved for patients with complicated LS that is unresponsive to treatment and those patients who have persistent disease with history of a previous SCC. | Disease:D004194 Patients:D010361 therapy:Q000628 History:D006664 history:Q000266 | Long:255511005 Follow:421939007 Clinic:257585005 Uncomplicated:263914008 Disease:64572001 Well controlled:444791000124109 Controlled:31509003 Small:255507004 Topical:359540000 Complicated:255302009 Unresponsive:422768004 History of:392521001 Previous:9130008 | ||
| 369 | Disseminated Infection (Extrapulmonary):Nonmeningeal:Amphotericin B is recommended for alternative therapy, especially if lesions are appearing to worsen rapidly and are in particularly critical locations, such as the vertebral column. | Infection:D007239 Amphotericin B:D000666 therapy:Q000628 | Disseminated:65709003 Amphotericin B:77703004 Amphotericin:372643008 Therapy:276239002 Rapidly:418694008 | ||
| 370 | Testing may also be performed to reassure the patient, parent, and physician of the absence of organic disease, particularly if the pain significantly diminishes the quality of life of the patient. | Physicians:D010820 Disease:D004194 Pain:D010146 Quality of Life:D011788 Life:D019369 | Performed:398166005 Patient:116154003 Parent:40683002 Physician:309343006 Absence:418560003 Disease:64572001 Pain:22253000 Quality of life satisfaction:405152002 Quality:263496004 | ||
| 371 | Principles of Treatment Selection:Certain types of psychotherapy (as well as other psychosocial modalities) and certain psychotropic medications are effective in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. | therapy:Q000628 Psychotherapy:D011613 Borderline Personality Disorder:D001883 Personality:D010551 | Certain:17162000 Types:261664005 Psychotherapy:75516001 Effective:254648000 Borderline personality disorder:20010003 Personality disorder:33449004 Personality:71565002 Disease:64572001 | ||
| 372 | Women with early stage (stages I and II) breast cancer who have undergone breast conservation surgery should be offered postoperative breast irradiation. | Women:D014930 Breast:D001940 surgery:Q000601 | Early stage:234438000 Early:264499004 Stage:258214002 Stages:261612004 Surgery:257556004 Offered:410527000 Postoperative period:262061000 Irradiation:359549004 | Surgery:1003143 | |
| 373 | Trauma patients with an injury severity score >9, who can receive anticoagulants, should receive low molecular weight heparin as their primary mode of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. | injuries:Q000293 Patients:D010361 Injury Severity Score:D015601 Anticoagulants:D000925 Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight:D006495 Molecular Weight:D008970 Heparin:D006493 Venous Thromboembolism:D054556 Thromboembolism:D013923 | Injury severity score:273533008 Traumatic abnormality:19130008 Traumatic AND/OR non-traumatic injury:417163006 Severity score:278305009 Severity:246112005 Score:246262008 Low molecular weight heparin:373294004 Low:62482003 Weight:726527001 Heparin:372877000 Venous:263925004 Thromboembolic disorder:371039008 | ||
| 374 | Keep the head of the patient's bed at or below a 30-degree angle. | Head:D006257 Beds:D001513 | Patient:116154003 Bed:229772003 Degree:246173007 | ||
| 375 | Understand measures of morbidity/mortality and study designs. | Morbidity:D009017 Mortality:D009026 mortality:Q000401 | Measures:367346004 Study:224699009 | ||
| 376 | The role of continuing bevacizumab after disease progression on a bevacizumab-containing regimen is not clear due to the absence of evidence. Therefore, the continuation of bevacizumab in patients who have progressed on this therapy cannot currently be recommended outside of clinical trials. | Role:D012380 Bevacizumab:D000068258 Disease Progression:D018450 Disease:D004194 Patients:D010361 therapy:Q000628 | Role:766940004 Bevacizumab:409406007 Disease:64572001 Progression:246450006 Containing:42504009 Clear:263707001 Due to:42752001 Absence:418560003 Therapy:276239002 Clinical:58147004 | ||
| 377 | Because much of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is attributable to obesity, maintenance of a healthy body weight is strongly recommended as a means of preventing this disease. The relationship between glycemic index and glycemic load and the development of type 2 diabetes remains unclear at this time. | Risk:D012306 Obesity:D009765 Maintenance:D008283 Body Weight:D001835 Disease:D004194 Glycemic Index:D038321 Index:D020481 Glycemic Load:D000067940 Time:D013995 | Risk of:30207005 Type 2:258195006 Type:410656007 Obesity:414916001 Body weight:27113001 Weight:726527001 Disease:64572001 Relationship:263498003 Time:900000000000475002 Time:410669006 Time:410670007 | Time:1022208 Time:1014977 | |
| 378 | Although an increased cancer risk has not been established in patients with Barrett's esophagus and low-grade dysplasia, endoscopy at 6 months and yearly thereafter should be considered . | Risk:D012306 Patients:D010361 Esophagus:D004947 Endoscopy:D004724 | Increased:35105006 Established:263748003 Barrett's esophagus:302914006 Esophageal structure:32849002 Low:62482003 Grade:103421006 Dysplasia:25723000 Endoscopy:423827005 month:258706009 | ||
| 379 | Monitoring of Nutrition Support in Hospital and the Community :If long-term nutrition support is needed patients and carers should be trained to recognise and respond to adverse changes in both their well-being and in the management of their nutritional delivery system. | Hospitals:D006761 Patients:D010361 | Nutrition:384759009 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Hospital:22232009 Community:133928008 Long:255511005 Needed:410525008 Delivery system:260699001 System:246333005 System:733021006 | ||
| 380 | Women at Average Risk:Begin mammography at age 40. | Women:D014930 Risk:D012306 Mammography:D008327 | Mammography:71651007 Age:397669002 | ||
| 381 | Lab Exam:Blood Lipids (for adults): On initial visit, then yearly for adults. Target goals (mg/dL): cholesterol, triglycerides <150; low-density lipoproteins (LDL) <100; high-density lipoproteins (HDL) >40 for men; high-density lipoproteins >50 for women. | blood:Q000097 Blood:D001769 Lipids:D008055 Adult:D000328 Goals:D006040 Cholesterol:D002784 Triglycerides:D014280 Lipoproteins:D008074 Lipoproteins, HDL:D008075 Men:D008571 Women:D014930 | Blood:87612001 Initial:884001 mg/dL:258797006 Cholesterol:84698008 150:732515006 Low:62482003 Density:125146005 100:420528006 High:75540009 High density lipoprotein:9422000 | Triglycerides:84478 | |
| 382 | Key Recommendations by Diagnosis:Candidemia and Acute Hematogenously Disseminated Candidiasis:For clinically stable patients who have not recently received azole therapy, fluconazole (>6 mg/kg per day; i.e., >400 mg/day for a 70-kg patient) is another appropriate choice. | Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 Candidemia:D058387 Candidiasis:D002177 Patients:D010361 therapy:Q000628 Fluconazole:D015725 | Diagnosis:439401001 Candidemia:432261003 Disseminated:65709003 Candidiasis:78048006 Stable:58158008 Recent:6493001 Azole:300903003 Therapy:276239002 Fluconazole:387174006 mg/kg:396163008 day:258703001 400:732733003 mg/day:258835005 Patient:116154003 | ||
| 383 | Specific Treatment Modalities:To treat symptoms such as severe insomnia, agitation, panic attacks, or psychic anxiety, benzodiazepines may be indicated on a short-term basis. | therapy:Q000628 Panic:D010200 Anxiety:D001007 Benzodiazepines:D001569 | Specific:69658003 Severe:24484000 Insomnia:193462001 Panic:79823003 Anxiety:48694002 Indicated:410535002 Short:367450005 | Benzodiazepines:1022254 | |
| 384 | Guideline 5: Treatment of Duodenal Adenomas Depends on Adenoma Size and the Presence of Severe Dysplasia. Small Tubular Adenomas With Mild Dysplasia Can Be Kept Under Surveillance, But Adenomas With Severe Dysplasia Must Be Removed. | Guideline:D016431 therapy:Q000628 Adenoma:D000236 | Duodenal:263989007 Adenoma:32048006 Size:246115007 Present:52101004 Presence:705057003 Presence:386397008 Severe dysplasia:55237006 Severe:24484000 Dysplasia:25723000 Small:255507004 Tubular:13336003 Mild dysplasia:43185009 Mild:255604002 Surveillance:225419007 | ||
| 385 | The panel recommends the following:Formation of a federation of celiac disease societies, celiac disease interest groups, individuals with celiac disease and their families, physicians, dietitians, and other health care providers for the advancement of education, research, and advocacy for individuals with celiac disease. | Celiac Disease:D002446 Disease:D004194 Societies:D012952 Physicians:D010820 Nutritionists:D064686 Health:D006262 Education:D004493 education:Q000193 Research:D012106 | After:255234002 Following:255260001 Celiac disease:396331005 Disease:64572001 Groups:261586004 Health:263775005 Surgical advancement - action:129352007 Details of education:276031006 Education:409073007 Advocacy:372038002 | ||
| 386 | Staging Distant Metastatic Disease:Adrenal: The finding of an isolated adrenal mass on ultrasonography, CT scan, or FDG-PET scan requires biopsy to rule out metastatic disease if the patient is otherwise considered to be potentially resectable. | secondary:Q000556 Disease:D004194 Ultrasonography:D014463 Biopsy:D001706 | Distant:261007001 Disease:64572001 Isolated:46651001 Adrenal mass:237783006 Mass:118538004 Mass:4147007 Ultrasonography:16310003 Positron emission tomography:82918005 Biopsy:86273004 Exclude:77765009 Patient:116154003 | Unlisted computed tomography procedure (eg, diagnostic, interventional):76497 Biopsy:1007169 | |
| 387 | Interpretation of Serum Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Levels:Arrange follow-up for patients with a nondiagnostic transvaginal ultrasound and a serum hCG level above 2,000 mIU/mL because they have an increased likelihood of ectopic pregnancy. | Serum:D044967 Chorionic Gonadotropin:D006063 Gonadotropins:D006062 Patients:D010361 Pregnancy:D011247 | Interpretation:280452008 Serum:67922002 Human chorionic gonadotropin:59433001 Gonadotropin:734776000 Gonadotropin:31895006 Levels:258395000 Follow-up status:308273005 Follow:421939007 Vaginal approach:54300008 Level:276625007 mIU/mL:259005009 mIU:258999001 Increased:35105006 Ectopic pregnancy:34801009 Ectopic:298109001 Pregnancy:289908002 | Gonadotropin:1011464 | |
| 388 | Foot Ulcer Assessment:Describe and document the ulcer characteristics. | Foot Ulcer:D016523 Foot:D005528 Ulcer:D014456 | Ulcer:56208002 Ulcer:429040005 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 | ||
| 389 | Recommendations:There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of amantadine. | Amantadine:D000547 | Insufficient:423437008 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Amantadine:372763006 | ||
| 390 | Minimally invasive therapies:Transurethral microwave heat treatment:Be careful not to oversedate the patient. As patient perception of pain is an important safety mechanism to ensure that the heating of the tissue is not excessive. General or spinal anesthesia should not be used. | Hot Temperature:D006358 therapy:Q000628 Perception:D010465 Pain:D010146 Safety:D012449 Heating:D006361 Tissues:D014024 Anesthesia, Spinal:D000775 Anesthesia:D000758 | Invasive:10179008 Microwave:64285002 Heat:88999006 Patient:116154003 Perception:81742003 Pain:22253000 Mechanism:278109006 Excessive:260378005 Spinal anesthesia:231249005 | Anesthesia:1002796 | |
| 391 | Evaluate breast cancer in patients in whom mammography is nondiagnostic, equivocal, or difficult to interpret (e.g., the presence of scar tissue, mammographically dense breast tissue, implants, or severe dysplastic disease). | Breast:D001940 Patients:D010361 Mammography:D008327 Tissues:D014024 Disease:D004194 | Mammography:71651007 Equivocal:42425007 Difficult:52925006 Present:52101004 Presence:705057003 Presence:386397008 Scar:12402003 Scar:275322007 Dense:255596001 Severe:24484000 Disease:64572001 | ||
| 392 | Fire hoses are sometimes found in hallways and stairwells of older facilities. Water from hoses is not sterile. The water can also create an electric shock hazard. In addition, the water stream itself can deliver sufficient force to cause injury or mechanical damage and can make the hose difficult to hold onto. The guideline developers do not recommend the uses of fire hoses to extinguish surgical fires. | Water:D014867 Shock:D012769 Guideline:D016431 Fires:D005390 | Water:11713004 Sterile:261029002 Exposure to electric current, with passage of current through tissue:242784006 Shock:27942005 Stream:257709004 Sufficient:51117008 Traumatic abnormality:19130008 Traumatic AND/OR non-traumatic injury:417163006 Mechanical:261018001 Damage:37782003 Difficult:52925006 Hold:421139008 Surgical:83578000 | ||
| 393 | Paracentesis:Abdominal paracentesis may be helpful to confirm the presence of intestinal gangrene in infants with NEC . Indications for paracentesis are absence of pneumoperitoneum and one of the following:Portal venous gas.Erythema of abdominal wall.Fixed, tender abdominal mass.Persistently dilated intestinal segment.Clinical deterioration | Paracentesis:D019152 Gangrene:D005734 Infant:D007223 Pneumoperitoneum:D011027 Erythema:D004890 Abdominal Wall:D034861 Clinical Deterioration:D000075902 | Abdominal paracentesis:89305009 Abdominal:277112006 Confirmatory technique:703690001 Present:52101004 Presence:705057003 Presence:386397008 Intestinal gangrene:29451002 Intestinal:261093006 Gangrene:36024000 Gangrenous disorder:372070002 Absence:418560003 Pneumoperitoneum:17204006 After:255234002 Following:255260001 Portal:32381004 Venous:263925004 Gas:736680000 Gas:763824009 Erythema:70819003 Erythema:247441003 Fixed:261010008 Tender:300820003 Abdominal mass:271860004 Mass:118538004 Mass:4147007 Segment:264193005 Clinical:58147004 | ||
| 394 | Regardless of combination, trastuzumab should be initiated at 4mg/kg and continued at 2mg/kg weekly until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. | Trastuzumab:D000068878 Disease Progression:D018450 Disease:D004194 toxicity:Q000633 | Combined:89780004 Trastuzumab:387003001 Weekly:14497002 Disease:64572001 Progression:246450006 | ||
| 395 | Zanamivir and oseltamivir are not recommended for the treatment of influenza in children or adults unless they are considered to be at risk. | Zanamivir:D053243 Oseltamivir:D053139 therapy:Q000628 Child:D002648 Adult:D000328 Risk:D012306 | Zanamivir:387010007 Oseltamivir:412261005 Influenza:6142004 At risk:410519009 | ||
| 396 | Prevention and Education:It is recommended that immunizations which prevent CAP be kept up-to-date, including:heptavalent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine. (PCV7, Prevnar®), andannual influenza vaccine forall children 6 to 23 months of age, andchildren aged >6 months with certain risk factors (including but not limited to asthma, cardiac disease, sickle cell disease, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] and diabetes). | Education:D004493 education:Q000193 Child:D002648 Aged:D000368 Risk Factors:D012307 Risk:D012306 Asthma:D001249 Disease:D004194 Cells:D002477 HIV:D006678 | Details of education:276031006 Education:409073007 Cap:228254002 Date:410671006 Date:410672004 Including:55919000 Conjugated:103395005 Pneumococcal vaccine:333598008 Pneumococcal vaccine:398730001 Vaccine:398827000 Influenza virus vaccine:46233009 Influenza virus vaccine:396425006 Influenza:6142004 month:258706009 Age:397669002 Certain:17162000 Limited:255469002 Limited:900000000000486000 Asthma:195967001 Disease:64572001 Human immunodeficiency virus:19030005 Human immunodeficiency virus:72621000119104 Virus:49872002 | ||
| 397 | Results and Recommendations:Which features of the neurologic examination of the comatose patient are predictive of outcome?The prognosis is invariably poor in comatose patients with absent pupillary or corneal reflexes, or absent or extensor motor responses 3 days after cardiac arrest . | Neurologic Examination:D009460 Prognosis:D011379 Patients:D010361 Blinking:D001767 Heart Arrest:D006323 | Neurologic:1199008 Examination - action:302199004 Patient:116154003 Determination of prognosis:20481000 Absent:2667000 Cardiac arrest:410429000 | ||
| 398 | Radiologic Assessment:It is recommended, in children age 6 to 18 years and weight >18 kg [>40 lbs] (for whom surgery is being considered, that an AP pelvis x-ray also be obtained, to evaluate the status of growth plates near the proximal femur as well as to aid in ruling out the presence of femoral neck fracture. | Child:D002648 surgery:Q000601 Pelvis:D010388 Growth:D006128 Femur:D005269 Neck:D009333 | Radiologic:5526005 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Age:397669002 Weight:726527001 Surgery:257556004 Pelvis X-ray:268425006 Pelvic structure:12921003 X-ray:52250000 Obtained:398092000 Status:263490005 1/3 meter:277752003 Proximal:40415009 Aid:246088000 Present:52101004 Presence:705057003 Presence:386397008 Fracture of neck of femur:5913000 Femoral:261080001 Fracture:72704001 | Surgery:1003143 | |
| 399 | It is recommended that milrinone be started for any patient with a left atrial pressure >15 mmHg or with signs or symptoms of low cardiac output. The recommended loading dose of milrinone is 50 mcg/kg over 30 to 60 minutes, followed by an infusion at 0.375 to 0.75 mcg/kg/min. | Milrinone:D020105 Atrial Pressure:D062185 Pressure:D011312 Cardiac Output:D002302 | Milrinone:373441005 Started:385652002 Patient:116154003 Left atrial pressure:276760007 Left:7771000 Atrial pressure:251068006 Pressure:722243006 Pressure:13543005 mmHg:259018001 Low:62482003 Cardiac output:82799009 Loading dose:440241000124101 mcg:258685003 min:258701004 Followed by:367409002 Infusion:36576007 0.375:732369009 375:732709009 0.75:732395006 mcg/kg/min:396171007 kg/min:414560006 | ||
| 400 | Recommendation:When providing physical activity advice, primary care practitioners should take into account the individual's needs, preferences, and circumstances. They should agree goals with them. They should also provide written information about the benefits of activity and the local opportunities to be active.They should follow them up at appropriate intervals over a 3- to 6-month period. | Goals:D006040 | Physical activity:68130003 Physical:19388002 Activity:257733005 Individual:385435006 Preferences:225773000 Local:255470001 Active:55561003 Follow:421939007 month:258706009 | ||
| 401 | In appropriate patients with gallbladder cancer or cholangiocarcinoma, surgical resection offers the best chance for survival and should be the first treatment of choice. | Patients:D010361 Gallbladder:D005704 Cholangiocarcinoma:D018281 Survival:D013534 mortality:Q000401 therapy:Q000628 | Gallbladder structure:28231008 Cholangiocarcinoma:70179006 Surgical:83578000 | ||
| 402 | Clinical Evaluation:For women without intrauterine pregnancy observed by endovaginal ultrasound, an Obstetrics/Gynecology consult will be obtained . | Women:D014930 Pregnancy:D011247 Obstetrics:D009774 Gynecology:D006176 | Clinical:58147004 Intrauterine pregnancy:65727000 Intrauterine:738945005 Intrauterine:398236008 Pregnancy:289908002 Obstetrics:408470005 Gynecology:394586005 Obtained:398092000 | ||
| 403 | Recommendations:Penicillin Allergy Skin Testing :If the full battery of skin-test reagents is available, including the major and minor determinants , patients who report a history of penicillin reaction and are skin-test negative can receive conventional penicillin therapy. Skin-test-positive patients should be desensitized. | Hypersensitivity:D006967 Skin:D012867 Minors:D033242 Patients:D010361 History:D006664 history:Q000266 therapy:Q000628 | Penicillin:764146007 Allergy - specialty:408439002 Skin structure:39937001 Battery:50084004 Including:55919000 Major:255603008 Minor:255606000 Minor:410599005 Report:229059009 History of:392521001 Reaction:263851003 Negative:260385009 Conventional:255333006 Therapy:276239002 Positive:10828004 | ||
| 404 | Scabies:Recommended Regimen:Permethrin cream (5%) applied to all areas of the body from the neck down and washed off after 8-14 hours.ORIvermectin 200 micrograms/kg orally, repeated in 2 weeks. | Scabies:D012532 Permethrin:D026023 Neck:D009333 | Permethrin:410457007 Cream:255621006 Cream:385099005 200:725123003 | ||
| 405 | Follow-up:For patients at lower risk of recurrence (stages I and Ia) or those with co-morbidities impairing future surgery, only visits yearly or when symptoms occur are recommended. | Patients:D010361 Risk:D012306 Recurrence:D012008 Morbidity:D009017 surgery:Q000601 | Follow-up status:308273005 Follow:421939007 Lower:261122009 Risk of:30207005 Recurrence:246455001 Stages:261612004 Surgery:257556004 | Surgery:1003143 | |
| 406 | Medical Recommendations:Care should focus on smoking, hypertension, lipids, and glycemic control:Treatment of hypertension using up to 3 or 4 anti-hypertensive medications to achieve adult target of <130 systolic and <80 diastolic .Prescription of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) in patients with hypertension or albuminuria.Statin therapy for primary prevention against macrovascular complications in patients with diabetes who are >age 40 or who have a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >100 mg/dL. Management of cardiovascular risk factorsAssurance of appropriate immunization status (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, influenza, pneumococcal vaccine) .Anti-platelet therapy : low dose aspirin daily for primary prevention in those at increased cardiovascular risk with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, unless contraindicated. | Smoking:D012907 Hypertension:D006973 Lipids:D008055 therapy:Q000628 Adult:D000328 Angiotensins:D000809 Patients:D010361 Albuminuria:D000419 Primary Prevention:D011322 complications:Q000150 lipoprotein cholesterol:C030104 Lipoproteins:D008074 Cholesterol:D002784 Risk:D012306 Immunization:D007114 Tetanus:D013742 Diphtheria:D004165 Whooping Cough:D014917 Blood Platelets:D001792 Aspirin:D001241 | Medical:74188005 Control:246106000 Adult:133936004 130:732492005 Systole:111973004 Prescription:16076005 Prescription:260885003 Angiotensin:9974009 Enzyme:90668006 Enzyme:734543001 Angiotensin receptor:45648004 Receptor:116647005 Arbitrary:118521003 Albuminuria:274769005 Therapy:276239002 Primary prevention:315233008 Age:397669002 Low:62482003 Density:125146005 Lipoprotein:301861005 Cholesterol:84698008 100:420528006 mg/dL:258797006 Immunization status:304250009 Immunization:127785005 Status:263490005 Tetanus:76902006 Diphtheria:397428000 Pertussis:27836007 Influenza:6142004 Pneumococcal vaccine:333598008 Pneumococcal vaccine:398730001 Vaccine:398827000 Platelet:16378004 Low dose:262459003 Aspirin:387458008 Daily:69620002 Increased:35105006 With type:35362001 Type 1:258191002 Type:410656007 Type 2:258195006 Contraindicated:410536001 | ||
| 407 | HIV Screening for Pregnant Women and Their Infants:Screening should occur after a woman is notified that HIV screening is recommended for all pregnant patients and that she will receive an HIV test as part of the routine panel of prenatal tests unless she declines (opt-out screening). | HIV:D006678 Pregnant Women:D037841 Women:D014930 Infant:D007223 Patients:D010361 | HIV screening:171121004 Pregnant:77386006 Woman:224526002 Routine:50811001 Tests:272393004 | ||
| 408 | Pregnant patients with unintentional exposure to less than 1 mg of LAAR active ingredient should be evaluated by their obstetrician or primary care provider as an outpatient. Immediate referral to an emergency department or clinic is not required. | Patients:D010361 Emergencies:D004630 | Pregnant:77386006 Unintentional:361390002 Exposure to:24932003 Active:55561003 Obstetrician:11935004 Primary care provider:453231000124104 Outpatient:373864002 Immediate:88694003 Referral to:440379008 Emergency:25876001 Clinic:257585005 | ||
| 409 | For TCA-associated convulsions, benzodiazepines are recommended. | Benzodiazepines:D001569 | Benzodiazepines:1022254 | ||
| 410 | Recommendation:As the child's clinical course improves, continuous measurement of SpO2 is not routinely needed. | Child:D002648 | Child:67822003 Clinical course:263502005 Clinical:58147004 Continuous:255238004 Measurement:122869004 Needed:410525008 | ||
| 411 | Patient Management Recommendations. Assess for fibrinolytic therapy in patients with symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and presenting within 12 hours of symptom onset if ECG reveals:1.ST elevations greater than or equal to 0.1 millivolts (mV) (1 mm) in 2 or more contiguous limb leads or greater than or equal to 0.2 mV (2 mm) in 2 or more contiguous precordial leads lacking features of non-infarction causes of ST-segment elevation (e.g., early repolarization, pericarditis, left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH], incomplete bundle branch block [BBB]).2.Any type of BBB (right, left, and atypical ? new or old) thought to be obscuring ST-segment analysis in patients with clinical presentation strongly suggestive of AMI. | therapy:Q000628 Patients:D010361 Myocardial Infarction:D009203 Infarction:D007238 Pericarditis:D010493 Hypertrophy:D006984 analysis:Q000032 | Patient:116154003 Therapy:276239002 Suggestive of:7196007 Acute myocardial infarction:57054005 Myocardial infarction:22298006 Infarct:55641003 12 hours:123035007 Greater:263768009 Equal:9726003 0.1:732332006 Contiguous:65424008 0.2:732349004 Lacking:41277001 Segment:264193005 Elevation:103720008 Elevation - value:255456001 Early repolarization:428417006 Early:264499004 Pericarditis:3238004 Left ventricular hypertrophy:55827005 Left:7771000 Ventricular hypertrophy:266249003 Hypertrophy:56246009 Incomplete:255599008 Bundle branch block:6374002 Block:732985006 Obstruction:26036001 Type:410656007 Right:24028007 Atypical:112231000 New:7147002 Old:70753007 Analysis:272389005 Clinical:58147004 Presentation:246105001 | Patient Management:1014511 | |
| 412 | Pelvic Examination:Recommendation:Regular gynecologic follow-up is recommended for all women. Patients who receive tamoxifen therapy are at increased risk for developing endometrial cancer and should be advised to report any vaginal bleeding to their physicians. Longer follow-up intervals may be appropriate for women who have had a total hysterectomy and oophorectomy. | Women:D014930 Patients:D010361 Tamoxifen:D013629 therapy:Q000628 Risk:D012306 Physicians:D010820 Hysterectomy:D007044 | Manual pelvic examination:35025007 Pelvic:277113001 Examination - action:302199004 Regular:17854005 Gynecologic:74570005 Follow-up status:308273005 Follow:421939007 Tamoxifen therapy:724161009 Tamoxifen:373345002 Therapy:276239002 Increased:35105006 Report:229059009 Vaginal bleeding:289530006 Vaginal:738989005 Bleeding:131148009 Total hysterectomy:116140006 Total:255619001 Hysterectomy:236886002 Oophorectomy:83152002 | ||
| 413 | Glaucoma Screening :Ages 50 to 64 Years:No requirement unless high risk (e.g., increased intraocular pressure, family history, African Americans, people who have diabetes, myopia, regular/long-term steroid use, previous eye injury).Age 65+ Years:Every 2 years; screen annually if high risk. | Glaucoma:D005901 Risk:D012306 Intraocular Pressure:D007429 Pressure:D011312 Family:D005190 History:D006664 history:Q000266 African Americans:D001741 Myopia:D009216 Eye Injuries:D005131 Eye:D005123 | Glaucoma screening:171215009 Glaucoma:23986001 High risk:723509005 High:75540009 Increased:35105006 Intraocular pressure:41633001 Intraocular:762070008 Pressure:722243006 Pressure:13543005 Family:35359004 Myopia:57190000 Regular:17854005 Long:255511005 Steroid:116566001 Use:419385000 Previous:9130008 Traumatic abnormality:19130008 Traumatic AND/OR non-traumatic injury:417163006 Age:397669002 | Family History:1014981 | |
| 414 | Follow-Up:Failure to improve within 3 days of the initiation of treatment requires reevaluation of both the diagnosis and therapy. Swelling and tenderness that persist after completion of antimicrobial therapy should be evaluated comprehensively. | therapy:Q000628 Diagnosis:D003933 diagnosis:Q000175 | Follow-up status:308273005 Follow:421939007 Failure:76797004 Diagnosis:439401001 Therapy:276239002 Swelling:442672001 Swelling:65124004 Tenderness:247348008 Antimicrobial:768680004 Antimicrobial:250428009 | ||
| 415 | The current state of the evidence does not permit a recommendation for an optimal cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy regimen. However, the largest neoadjuvant trials have used standard methotrexate-vinblastine-doxorubicin-cisplatin (MVAC) or cisplatin-methotrexate-vinblastine (CMV) for three cycles, and it is the opinion of the Genitourinary Cancer Disease Site Group that these regimens are reasonable treatment options. | Cisplatin:D002945 drug therapy:Q000188 Methotrexate:D008727 Vinblastine:D014747 Doxorubicin:D004317 Disease:D004194 therapy:Q000628 | Current:15240007 State:398070004 Does not:717896003 Does:385640009 Trachinotus falcatus:958006 Cisplatin:387318005 Combined:89780004 Chemotherapy:367336001 Methotrexate:387381009 Vinblastine:387051009 Doxorubicin:372817009 Disease:64572001 Site:10546003 Group:389109008 Group:246261001 | ||
| 416 | Management:General Advice:Ideally, treatment should be effective (microbiological cure rate >95%), easy to take (not more than twice daily), with a low side effect profile, and cause minimal interference with daily lifestyle . | therapy:Q000628 | Effective:254648000 Easy:36203004 Twice a day:229799001 Twice:421832002 Daily:69620002 Low:62482003 Effect:253861007 Minimal:255605001 Lifestyle:134436002 | ||
| 417 | Treatment is indicated for:Women undergoing some surgical procedures . | therapy:Q000628 Women:D014930 | Indicated:410535002 Surgical:83578000 | ||
| 418 | Colony-stimulating factors are not recommended for routine use to treat febrile or afebrile neutropenic patients. | Colony-Stimulating Factors:D003115 Patients:D010361 | Routine:50811001 Use:419385000 | ||
| 419 | Carnitine:Similar results have been noted in the treatment of cardiac and peripheral vascular ischemic disease . | Carnitine:D002331 therapy:Q000628 Disease:D004194 | Carnitine:59888006 Peripheral:14414005 Ischemic:255426005 Disease:64572001 | ||
| 420 | The Discharge Planning Process:Discuss symptom management. | Discharge planning:371754007 Discharge specimen:258439008 Discharge:75823008 Process:415178003 Process:719982003 Symptom management:713148004 | |||
| 421 | Step 1:Is the patient dehydrated or does the patient have a fluid/electrolyte imbalance? Consider seriously the presence of a fluid/electrolyte imbalance whenever a patient experiences new symptoms or a decline of an existing condition that cannot be readily attributed to another cause. | Step 1:398011006 Step:398298007 Patient:116154003 Does:385640009 Fluid:255765007 Electrolyte imbalance:105593004 Electrolyte:86355000 Present:52101004 Presence:705057003 Presence:386397008 New:7147002 Condition:260905004 | |||
| 422 | Risk Assessment:Offer genetic testing for family members, as appropriate . | Risk Assessment:D018570 Risk:D012306 Genetic Testing:D005820 Family:D005190 | Risk assessment:225338004 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Family:35359004 | ||
| 423 | Risk Assessment:Offer genetic testing for family members, as appropriate . | Risk Assessment:D018570 Risk:D012306 Genetic Testing:D005820 Family:D005190 | Risk assessment:225338004 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Family:35359004 | ||
| 424 | Assaying for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on the long arm of chromosome 18 (18q) or deleted in colon cancer (DCC) protein determination by IHC should not be used to determine the prognosis of operable colorectal cancer, nor to predict response to therapy. | Loss of Heterozygosity:D019656 Arm:D001132 Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18:D002887 Chromosomes:D002875 Colon:D003106 Prognosis:D011379 therapy:Q000628 | Long arm of chromosome:312242007 Long:255511005 Arm of chromosome:263550009 Chromosome:91272006 Protein:88878007 Determination of prognosis:20481000 Operable:76234009 Malignant neoplasm of colon and/or rectum:781382000 Colorectal:264267007 Therapy:276239002 | Protein:1011659 | |
| 425 | Only vacuum constriction devices containing a vacuum limiter should be used whether purchased over-the-counter or procured with a prescription . | Vacuum:D014618 Constriction:D003250 | Vacuum:81547007 Stricture:27551008 Containing:42504009 Counter:303502004 Prescription:16076005 Prescription:260885003 | ||
| 426 | The Task Force recommends further study of physiologic targets of androgen action such as:Sexual dysfunctionCognitionMoodBoneCardiovascular functionBody compositionMuscle strength and function | physiology:Q000502 | Study:224699009 Physiologic:1360005 Androgen:84629008 Action:129264002 Function:246464006 Function:277064003 | ||
| 427 | Use of a combination of oral sucrose/glucose and other nonpharmacologic pain-reduction methods (nonnutritive sucking, kangaroo care, facilitated tuck, swaddling, developmental care) should be used for minor routine procedures. | Sucrose:D013395 Glucose:D005947 Pain:D010146 Methods:D008722 methods:Q000379 Minors:D033242 | Use of:260676000 Use:419385000 Combined:89780004 Oral:738956005 Oral:260548002 Sucrose:11320009 Glucose:67079006 Pain:22253000 Surgical reduction:289928003 Sucking:90485000 Kangaroo care:386342003 Kangaroo:64459004 Developmental:278923009 Minor:255606000 Minor:410599005 Routine:50811001 | Glucose:1011445 | |
| 428 | Genetic testing along with counseling is recommended for individuals with hereditary forms of CRC, including familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) . | Genetic Testing:D005820 Counseling:D003376 Form:D020478 Colon:D003106 | Counseling:409063005 Hereditary:255404009 Including:55919000 Familial:255401001 Familial multiple polyposis syndrome:72900001 Multiple polyps:9499001 | Counseling:1014980 | |
| 429 | It is recommended that early tracheostomy be considered in all trauma patients anticipated to require mechanical ventilation for > 7 days. | Tracheostomy:D014139 injuries:Q000293 Patients:D010361 Ventilation:D014691 | Early:264499004 Mechanical:261018001 Ventilation:45444009 | ||
| 430 | It is recommended that discography be reserved for use in patients with equivocal MR imaging findings, especially at levels adjacent to clearly pathological levels. | Patients:D010361 diagnosis:Q000175 | Use:419385000 Equivocal:42425007 Imaging:363679005 Levels:258395000 | ||
| 431 | The USPSTF recommends against routine screening for elevated blood lead levels in asymptomatic pregnant women. | blood:Q000097 Blood:D001769 Lead:D007854 Pregnant Women:D037841 Women:D014930 | Routine:50811001 Blood:87612001 Lead:88488004 Levels:258395000 Asymptomatic:84387000 Pregnant:77386006 | Lead:83655 | |
| 432 | Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the social factors specific to spinal cord injury. | Spinal Cord:D013116 | Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 Specific:69658003 Spinal cord injury:90584004 Traumatic abnormality:19130008 Traumatic AND/OR non-traumatic injury:417163006 | ||
| 433 | Discussions should occur with the patient or legal agent about life expectancy and quality of life. | Life Expectancy:D008017 Life:D019369 Quality of Life:D011788 | Patient:116154003 Legal:398165009 Agent:260872001 Quality of life satisfaction:405152002 Quality:263496004 | ||
| 434 | Perform a comprehensive neurological examination according to International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification between 3 and 7 days after injury. | Neurologic Examination:D009460 standards:Q000592 classification:Q000145 Classification:D002965 | Neurological examination:84728005 Examination - action:302199004 Functional:40143009 Classification:278201002 Traumatic abnormality:19130008 Traumatic AND/OR non-traumatic injury:417163006 | ||
| 435 | General cognitive screening instruments (e.g., Mini-Mental State Examination) should be considered for the detection of dementia in individuals with suspected cognitive impairment. | Dementia:D003704 | Mini-mental state examination:273617000 Mini:262445005 Mental state:363871006 Mental state finding:36456004 State:398070004 Examination - action:302199004 Dementia:52448006 Suspected:415684004 Impairment:40226000 | ||
| 436 | To be most effective, condom availability programs should be developed through a collaborative community process and accompanied by comprehensive sequential sexuality education, which is ideally part of a K-12 health education program, with parental involvement, counseling, and positive peer support. | Condoms:D017280 Programs:D019542 Sexuality:D019529 Education:D004493 education:Q000193 Health Education:D006266 Health:D006262 Counseling:D003376 | Effective:254648000 Condom:706506000 Community:133928008 Process:415178003 Process:719982003 Sexuality education:386468009 Finding related to sexual state:118200004 Details of education:276031006 Education:409073007 Health:263775005 Involvement:278112009 Counseling:409063005 Positive:10828004 Support:9096001 Support:243114000 | Counseling:1014980 | |
| 437 | Propofol is the preferred sedative when rapid awakening (e.g., for neurologic assessment or extubation) is important. | Propofol:D015742 | Propofol:387423006 Preferred:900000000000548007 Sedative:372614000 Rapid:255358001 Awakening:421355008 Neurologic:1199008 Evaluation - action:129265001 Evaluation procedure:386053000 | ||
| 438 | Certain APAP devices may be used during attended titration to identify by polysomnography, a single pressure for use with standard continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for treatment of OSA. | Polysomnography:D017286 Pressure:D011312 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure:D045422 therapy:Q000628 | Certain:17162000 Attended:410542002 Polysomnography:60554003 Single person:125681006 Pressure:722243006 Pressure:13543005 Use:419385000 Continuous:255238004 Positive:10828004 Airway pressure:250852008 | Polysomnography; age 6 years or older, sleep staging with 4 or more additional parameters of sleep, with initiation of continuous positive airway pressure therapy or bilevel ventilation, attended by a technologist:95811 Polysomnography:1013314 | |
| 439 | The laryngeal mask airway and Combitube are alternatives to cricothyrostomy and may be selected when cricothyrostomy expertise is limited. | Masks:D008397 | Laryngeal mask:257268009 Laryngeal:261115001 Mask:261382003 Limited:255469002 Limited:900000000000486000 | ||
| 440 | If the patient has been treated with one of these medications within the past 6 months (as would be the case if the initial treatment was unsuccessful), resistance to that agent should be suspected and a different agent should be chosen for treatment. | therapy:Q000628 | Patient:116154003 Treated with:28995006 Past:410513005 month:258706009 Case:398241000 Initial:884001 Unsuccessful:385671000 Agent:260872001 Suspected:415684004 | ||
| 441 | Individual-based parent-training/education programmes are recommended in the management of children with conduct disorders only in situations where there are particular difficulties in engaging with the parents or a family's needs are too complex to be met by group-based parent-training/education programmes. | education:Q000193 Education:D004493 Child:D002648 Conduct Disorder:D019955 Parents:D010290 Family:D005190 | Individual:385435006 Parent:40683002 Functional training:118629009 Education provision:228115009 Details of education:276031006 Education:409073007 Family:35359004 Complex:103360007 Group:389109008 Group:246261001 | ||
| 442 | Bi-ventricular pacemakers considered for patients requiring defibrillators who have symptomatic HF and QRS durations > 120 msec . | Patients:D010361 Defibrillators:D047548 | Symptomatic:264931009 Durations:272116003 120:732474002 | ||
| 443 | When SNS is indicated, PN should be used when the gastrointestinal tract is not functional or cannot be accessed and in patients who cannot be adequately nourished by oral diets or EN. | Gastrointestinal Tract:D041981 Patients:D010361 Diet:D004032 | Indicated:410535002 Gastrointestinal tract structure:122865005 Functional:40143009 Oral:738956005 Oral:260548002 Dietary finding:41829006 | ||
| 444 | Parents of children with otitis media with effusion should be advised to refrain from smoking. | Parents:D010290 Child:D002648 Otitis Media with Effusion:D010034 Otitis Media:D010033 Otitis:D010031 Smoking:D012907 | Chronic mucoid otitis media:78868004 Otitis media:65363002 Otitis:43275000 Media:228654009 Effusion:430869004 Effusion:41699000 | ||
| 445 | MRI should be performed within the first 2 to 8 days of life to provide predictive data for neurodevelopmental outcome in encephalopathic term infants , when available, should also be performed within the first 2 to 8 days of life to provide prognostic data concerning neurodevelopmental outcome in these patients. | Life:D019369 Infant:D007223 Patients:D010361 | Performed:398166005 | ||
| 446 | Radiographic feature of OA include: narrowing of the cartilage space, marginal osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, and beaking of the tibial spines . | Cartilage:D002356 Sclerosis:D012598 | Radiographic:258106000 Narrowing:708528005 Marginal:112233002 Sclerosis:43846000 | ||
| 447 | The control of risk factors such as diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking should be initiated once the initial event has stabilised. | Risk Factors:D012307 Risk:D012306 Diabetes Mellitus:D003920 Cigarette Smoking:D000073865 Smoking:D012907 | Control:246106000 Diabetes mellitus:73211009 Cigarette:722496004 Initial:884001 Event:272379006 | ||
| 448 | Bone mineral density (BMD) should normally be measured by DXA scanning performed on two sites, preferably anteroposterior spine and hip. | Spine:D013131 Hip:D006615 | Mineral:87918000 Density:125146005 Measured:258104002 Performed:398166005 | ||
| 449 | Adenosine or dipyridamole myocardial perfusion SPECT after initial perfusion imaging in patients whose symptoms have changed to redefine the risk for cardiac event. | Adenosine:D000241 Dipyridamole:D004176 Perfusion:D010477 Perfusion Imaging:D055420 Patients:D010361 Risk:D012306 | Adenosine:35431001 Dipyridamole:387371005 Myocardial perfusion:251053005 Perfusion:88058003 Initial:884001 Imaging:363679005 Event:272379006 | ||
| 450 | Digital cervical examination should not be performed in patients with PROM who are not in labor and in whom immediate induction of labor is not planned. | Patients:D010361 | Cervical:261064006 Examination - action:302199004 Performed:398166005 Labor:289909005 Immediate:88694003 Induction of labor:236958009 Planned:397943006 | ||
| 451 | Hysteroscopy with biopsy is preferable as the first line of investigation in women taking tamoxifen who experience post-menopausal bleeding. | Hysteroscopy:D015907 Biopsy:D001706 Women:D014930 Tamoxifen:D013629 | Hysteroscopy with biopsy:47171000 Hysteroscopy:233545006 Biopsy:86273004 Linear:50009006 Tamoxifen:373345002 After values:288563008 Bleeding:131148009 | Biopsy:1007169 | |
| 452 | Preoperative Care:Patients should be operated on as soon as possible (within 24 hours), during standard daytime working hours, including weekends, if their medical conditions allows. | Preoperative Care:D011300 Patients:D010361 | Preoperative care:133898004 Preoperative:262068006 As soon as possible:709122007 Possible:371930009 Possible diagnosis:60022001 24 hours:123027009 Daytime:28017001 Working:261041009 Including:55919000 Medical:74188005 | ||
| 453 | Nutrient treatment or supplementation, zinc or calcium supplementation, plasma volume expansion, maternal oxygen therapy, antihypertensive therapy, heparin, and aspirin therapy have not been shown to be effective for prevention or treatment of IUGR. | Nutrients:D000078622 therapy:Q000628 Zinc:D015032 Calcium:D002118 Plasma Volume:D010953 Plasma:D010949 Oxygen:D010100 Heparin:D006493 Aspirin:D001241 | Zinc:86739005 Calcium:5540006 Plasma:50863008 Volume:118565006 Oxygen therapy:57485005 Oxygen:24099007 Therapy:276239002 Antihypertensive therapy:308116003 Heparin:372877000 Aspirin therapy:717854002 Aspirin:387458008 Effective:254648000 | Zinc:84630 Calcium:1011309 |